아동간호학_크룹_간호과정2개(상세)

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1. Acute obstructive laryngitis [croup]

급성 폐쇄성 후두염(크루프)은 1~3세의 유아에서 흔히 나타나는 질환으로, 바이러스나 세균이 후두 점막에 침투하면서 염증을 일으켜 발생한다. 그러나 원인이 밝혀지지 않은 경우도 많다. 어떤 원인에 의해 후두점막의 부종이 심해져 기도가 좁아지면서 증상이 나타난다. 목이 쉬거나 목소리에 변화가 오고, 숨을 들이마쉴 때 소리가 나며, 개 짖는 소리와 비슷하다고 하여 개기침(barking cough)이라고 불리는 특징적인 기침이 나고, 호흡곤란 및 흉벽 함몰 등의 증상이 나타난다.

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1. Acute obstructive laryngitis [croup]

Acute obstructive laryngitis, commonly known as croup, is a respiratory condition that primarily affects young children, typically between the ages of 6 months and 3 years. It is characterized by a distinctive barking cough, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing due to inflammation and swelling of the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe). The primary cause of croup is a viral infection, often caused by the parainfluenza virus, which triggers the immune system's response and leads to the characteristic swelling and narrowing of the upper airway. This can result in a characteristic 'barking' cough, as well as stridor, which is a high-pitched, wheezing sound during inhalation. While croup can be concerning for parents, it is generally a self-limiting condition that resolves within a few days with proper management. The key to effective treatment is to address the underlying inflammation and maintain the child's airway. This typically involves the use of corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, to reduce swelling, as well as humidified air or mist therapy to soothe the irritated airways. In more severe cases, where the child is experiencing significant respiratory distress, additional interventions such as racemic epinephrine or even hospitalization may be necessary. However, the vast majority of croup cases can be managed effectively at home with the guidance of a healthcare provider. It is important for parents to be vigilant in monitoring their child's symptoms and to seek medical attention if the child is experiencing severe or worsening respiratory distress, as croup can potentially lead to life-threatening complications if left untreated. With prompt and appropriate care, most children with croup recover fully without any long-term consequences.

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