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Globalisation

Globalisation has significantly affected a variety of changes among countries throughout the world. It has generated increasing quantity and a range of cross-border trades in goods and services. In particular, it has brought about the movement of people. Because of cheaper travel and information and communication technologies, migration is easier than ever before. As a result, people living in the outside of their countries are increasing rapidly. This has impacted on the economic development of countries of origin. Although people in the countries of origin can have various economic benefits, especially by migrants sending remittances, migration is not a significant element for economic development in those countries.Global remittances sent by migrants can contribute the economies of countries of origin. According to Sassen (2000:17), the remittances of migrants were up to about US$70 billion in 1998. Through these remittances, recipients can improve their quality of life relating to In Mexico, each $1 sent by migrants to their countries increases in the GDP ($2.90) and in economic output ($3.20) (Durand, et al., in Meyers, 1998:2). Moreover, a number of developing countries in which foreign exchange is important source take advantage of the remittances of migrants (OECD in Papademetriou, 1998:29). For example, according to Papademetriou (1998:29), in Tunisia, the remittances of migrants are responsible for about 50 per cent of payments in order to refund the national debt.However, although remittances sent by migrants can assist the economies of countries of origin, this is an insufficient element to develop their economies. According to Bernard (2006:1), although the remittances are much more money than public funds, most of these in the countries of origin are spent for basic survival. For example, about 76 per cent of remittances are used on consumption in Mexico (Durand, et al., in Meyers, 1998:1). Moreover, this high consumption has led to increasing import p their economic development. A small number of families receiving remittances in the countries of origin spend their funds for saving because they expect that their economic environment will become appropriate for investment (Pastor and Rogers, et al., in Meyers, 1998:2). However, the practical application of the investment is that opportunities for investment and financial funds required for a business are indeed limited because this depends directly on local circumstance economically and socially (Meyer, 1998:2). In addition, remittances might decrease the economic development of sending countries. The working population is more likely to migrate to developed countries in order to send remittances to recipients who rely on it, and foreign investment can be decreased due to “an unreliable workforce” (Pastor, et al., in Meyers, 1998:3).In addition, it is hard for sending countries to obtain economic advantage by higher-skilled migrants. Recently, the outflow of skilled human resources 2002:40). The positive effect of this is that if these people return to their countries, they would provide higher skills for their economic development. However, according to Bernard (2006:1), people who have already migrated to developed countries are less likely to come back to their countries as they generally tend to start a new life. This leads to economic benefits for receiving countries and the increasing of economic gaps between sending and receiving countries simultaneously (Pellegrino in ECLAC, 2002:40). In fact, there are different points of view on brain drain between both countries. For receiving countries, it is a vast opportunity to develop the economies of both countries via the exchange of higher-skilled human resources. (Pellegrino in ECLAC, 2002:40). However, the practical application of sending countries is differently shown. Because of the lack of the working environments and insufficient wages, those opportunities can be ignored (ECLAC, 2002:41). Therefore, braile recipients can advance their basic life, as well as, affect the economies of their countries because of the increasing of income, most of these are used for basic survival. Moreover, high consumption is more likely to increase import demand. Remittances can also encourage more migration and generate the lack of investment from foreigner. On the other hand, brain drain increasing from developing to developed countries can decrease the economic development. Therefore, in order to develop the economies of countries of origin, both migrants and recipients require an effort to find improvements to make up for weak points.BibliographyBernard, P., (2006), “Mali counts the cost of migration”, Guardian Weekly, 6-12 Jan, 2006ECLAC (2002) “International Migration and Globalization”, Globalization and Development, April, 2002Meyers, D. W., (1998), “Migrant Remittances to Latin America”, May, 1998, Available at: http://www.thedialogue.org/publications/meyers.htmlPapademetriou, D. G., (1998), “My pgs

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세계화, globalisation, growths, intimately

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