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Structure of reproductive system

Structure of reproductive systemStructure of Reproductive SystemTerms on Animals Male Female Equine – Horse Stallion Mare Bovine – Cattle Bull Cow Ovine – Sheep Ram Ewe Porcine – Swine – Pig Boar Sow Avian - Chicken Rooster HenMaleMale Sexual response Three hormones are the principle regulators of the male reproductive system. Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) stimulates spermatogenesis; luteinizing hormone(LH) stimulates the production of testosterone; and testosterone stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics and spermatogenesis.HumanHumanBovine ( bull )Bovine( bull ) Two testicles which hang between the hind legs The penis Two ducts which connect the testicles with the penisBovine ( bull )Bovine ( bull ) TestisBovine ( bull ) A schematic diagram of the descent of the testis 62 days 102 days 140 daysBovine ( bull ) T Testis Epididymis Testis vasdeferens it the narrow duct on the left Tunica albuginea pulled away from part of the testesBovine ( bull ) epididymisLength(cm) 102 24 - 70 Penis Total length(cm) 102 40 55 50 Fleet(cm) 9.5 4 18 20 Urethra length(cm) 0.2 4 - 3 家畜繁殖生理學Testis Technically outside of peritoneum it is in an outfolding of two layers Visceral layer of peritoneum fixed to tunica albuginea Lumen of vaginal process is continuous with peritoneal cavity Parietal layer of peritoneum fixed to scrotum Shrinking gubernaculum becomes proper ligament of testis joining caudal pole of testis to tail of epididymis Seminiferous tubules loop through the testis and connect to the rete testis Rete testis – collect sperm cells in center of testisFunction Like the ovaries, testes are components of both the reproductive system and the endocrine system. Producing sperm (spermatozoa) Producing male sex hormones of which testosterone is the best-known. Both functions of the testicle, sperm-forming and endocrine, are under control of gonadotropic horm - ones produced by the anterior pituitary. Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (, which contribute to the mobility and viability of the sperm; and proteins that cause slight coagulation reactions in the semen after ejaculation.Accessory Gland Prostate The prostate gland is a firm, dense structure that is located just inferior to the urinary bladder. It is about the size of a walnut and encircles the urethra as it leaves the urinary bladder. Numerous short ducts from the substance of the prostate gland empty into the prostatic urethra. The secretions of the prostate are thin, milky colored, and alkaline. They function to enhance the motility of the sperm. Bulbourethral Glands The paired bulbourethral (Cowper’s)glands are small, about the size of a pea, and located near the base of the penis. A short duct from each gland enters the proximal end of the penile urethra. In response to sexual stimulation, the bulbourethral glands secrete an alkaline mucus-like fluid. This fluid neutralizes the acidity of the urine residue in the urethra, helps to neutralize the acidity incapable of fertilizing ova. They complete Their maturation process and become fertile as they move through the epididymis . Mature sperm are stored in the lower portion, or tail, of the epididymis .Epididymis Caput ( head ) Corpus ( body ) Cauda ( tail ) storage of sperm and ejaculationPenis The penis, the male copulatory organ, is a cylindricla pendant organ located anterior to the scrotum and functions to transfer sperm to the vagina. The penis consists of three columns of erectile tissue that are wrapped in connective tissue and covered with skin. The two dorsal columns are the corpora cavernosa . The single, midline ventral column surrounds the urethra and is called the corpus spongiosum . The penis has a root, body(shaft), and glans penis. The root of the penis attaches it to the corpus spongiosum expands at the distal end to form the glans penis. The urethra, which extends throughout the length of the corpus spongiosum , opens through the external urethnal orifice at the tip of)OvaryEquine ( mare )Equine ( mare )Equine ( mare )Equine ( mare )Equine ( mare )Porcine/Swine ( sow )Porcine/Swine ( sow )Porcine/Swine ( sow )Porcine/Swine ( pig )Porcine/Swine ( pig )Uterus The uterus is a muscular organ that receives the fertilized oocyte and provides an appropriate environment for the developing fetus. Before the first pregnancy, the uterus is about the size and shape of a pear, with the narrow portion directed inferiorly. After childbirth, the uterus is usually larger, then regresses after menopause. The uterus is lined with the endometrium . The stratum functionale of the endometrium sloughs off during menstruation. The deeper stratum basale provides the foundation for rebuilding the stratum functionale .Uterus Fuction Conduit for sperm transport The site for implantation of fertilized ova Placentation Growth and development of the fetus Parturition( labor and delivery )Uterine tube/Oviduct Ciliated cell - kinociliaVagina The vagina is a fibromuscular tube that w}

의/약학| 2012.02.23| 81페이지| 2,000원| 조회(60)

human, 의학 레포트, reproductive system, bovine, stallion

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Advanced molecular and cellular reproductive physiology

Advanced molecular and cellular reproductive physiologyArtificial Insemination(AI) Artificial insemination (AI) is the process by which sperm is placed into the reproductive tract of a female for the purpose of impregnating the female by using means other than sexual intercourse. In humans, it is used as assisted reproductive technology, primarily to treat infertility but is also increasingly used to enable women without a male partner to produce children by using sperm provided by a sperm donor. The woman is the gestational and genetic mother of the child produced, and the sperm donor is the genetic or biological father of the child.The implanting of live spermatozoa into the genital tract of the female. The diluted or otherwise treated semen is usually deposited in the body of the uterus because of the higher fertility rate obtained, but insemination into the uterine cervix or even the vagina may be practiced. Although insemination is usually carried out via the vagina transperitoneaer development. There are a lot of cellular changes in the oocyte and the rest of the cells in the follicle, which makes it very susceptible. Nevertheless, it is possible to let a primordial follicle mature to a secondary follicle outside the body by growing it in a slice of ovarian tissue. The subsequent maturity from secondary to early tertiary stage can then be supported in test-tubesMulti-step strategy for the complete in vitro growth and maturation of follicle from large animals and humans. The images shown are of human follicles and oocytes . Primordial follicle Recruitment and growth Antral cavity formation IVM Phase4 Somatic cell Differentiation Phase 3 Isolated follicle culture: Preantral to antral follicle And oocyte growth Phase2 In situ culture: Primordial follicle Activation and growth To secondary stages Phase 1In vitro fertilisation (IVF) In vitro fertilisation ( IVF ) is a process by which egg cells are fertilized by sperm outside the womb, in vitro . IVF is a major treycles.Illustrations of the progressive stages in laparoscopic embryo transfer in rhesus monkeys.Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI) How does ICSI work? In traditional IVF, the sperm are mixed with the woman's egg in a laboratory. If ICSI is needed, a small needle is used to inject a sperm into the center of the egg. The fertilized egg grows in a laboratory for one to five days, then it is placed in the woman's uterus.Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI) Why would I need ICSI? ICSI helps to overcome a man's fertility problems, for instance: • He may produce too few sperm • His sperm may be not be shaped correctly or move in a normal fashion • The sperm may have trouble attaching to the egg • A blockage in his reproductive tract may keep sperm from getting out ICSI can also be used when the use of traditional IVF has not produced fertilization, regardless of the condition of the sperm.Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI) Can ICSI affect a baby's development? If a woman gets pregnahe nozzle of the sorter, it is vibrated at a high frequency causing individual droplets to form at a rate of about 90,000/sec. Although not all droplets contain sperm, those that do are given a positive or negative charge, depending on the DNA content information that was provided by detector. Sperm must be oriented properly to measure DNA content accurately .Sperm Sexing Process No charge is applied to droplets containing more than one sperm, dead sperm as determined by uptake of a vital dye, or those sperm where DNA content could not be measured accurately, thereby simply allowing these cells to be disposed of as waste. Charged droplets containing X-sperm, which had been negatively- or positively charged according to sperm DNA content, are deflected by an oppositely charged plate thereby directing the sperm into a collection vessel. Droplets containing Y-sperm are simultaneously directed to a different collection vessel by applying an opposite charge to those drops so that the sperm he suspension is passed through an extremely fine nozzle that vibrates at high frequency, causing the liquid stream to break up into microdrops ; conditions are adjusted to ensure that each droplet contains on average just one sperm. The stream of minute droplets passes through an ultraviolet laser beam, causing the sperm’s DNA to fluoresce (glow).Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) The strength of the fluorescence signal is measured and, if it lies within parameters that correspond to Y-bearing sperm, the microdrop is given an electrostatic charge. If the signal strength lies within the range selected for X-bearing sperm, the microdrop is given the opposite electrostatic charge. The stream of microdrops then falls between two charged plates, one positive the other negative, and individual droplets are deflected towards one or the other, depending on the charge they carry . Collection vessels are located beneath the deflection paths so that all microdrops with a positive charge w}

의/약학| 2012.02.23| 54페이지| 2,000원| 조회(97)

인공수정, IVM, IVF, Fluorescence Activat, Embryo..

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국문 자기소개서_예시

저는 19xx년 x월 x일 인천에서 태어나 지금까지 서울에서 계속 생활해 왔습니다. 가정적인 아버지와 현명하신 어머니, 언제나 막내 같은 여동생으로 구성된 행복한 가정 속에서 행복하게 자랐습니다. 아버지는 건설 분야의 일을 하시고 어머니는 영재유아교육의 책임연구원으로 현재도 두 분 다 멋지게 사회생활을 하고 계십니다.200x년도 xx대학교에 입학하여 x학년 때 1년 휴학기간을 거쳐 200x년도 xx대학교 일반대학원 xxx학과에 입학하였습니다. 대학 입학 후 현재 20xx년까지 많은 경험을 쌓고 책임감과 독립심을 길러왔습니다. x학년 초부터 연구실에 출근하기 시작해 동기들에 비해 빨리 대학원 생활을 배우기 시작하게 되었습니다. 매일 연구실에 출근하면서 단순히 실험을 배우는 것이 아니라 스스로 인생을 설계해 나가고 일을 추진해 나가는 힘이 길러졌습니다. 이러한 힘을 바탕으로 4학년 때는 1년 휴학을 하고 아무 연고도 없는 타지에 가서 스스로 무엇인가를 해내고 싶어 호주로 무작정 떠났습니다. 90% 이상의 사람들은 호주로 떠나서 한국 사람들과 어울리며 시간만 낭비하고 온다고 하지만 전 10%의 사람이 되어 수많은 다국적 학생들과 인연을 갖게 되었습니다. 또한 호주 대학 내에 위치한 레스토랑에 취직하여 처음 몇 개월 동안은 허드렛일을 하다가, 불과 1달 반 만에 슈퍼바이저 자리에 오르게 됩니다. 영어가 매우 유창해서는 아니였습니다. 완벽하지 못한 영어로 다국적 직원들을 교육시키고 관리하는 것을 사장님이 허락하고 비자 만료로 인해 퇴사할 때까지 가게 관리를 한국인인 저에게 맡겼다는 것은 언어보다 힘 있는 무엇인가가 저에게 있다고 판단하셨다고 생각합니다. 새벽에는 영어 공부를 하고 주중에는 일을 하면서 성공적인 후회 없는 1년을 보내고 한국으로 돌아와 연구실로 돌아오게 되었습니다. 200x년 입학하여 석사 학위를 2년 만에 끝내고 20xx년 2년 졸업 예정에 있습니다. 석사 학위동안에는 MF조교에 이어 교육조교활동을 하면서 학과 학생들 지도에 힘썼습니다.석사과정 동안은 xxx을 전공하였습니다. western blot, Immuno- cytochemistry 등 주로 동물실험을 하면서 xxxxx 관하여 연구하였습니다. 생식에서도 남성의 생식에 중점을 두어 연구하여 가축의 산자수를 향상 시키는 방법에 관하여 연구하였습니다. 단순한 연구에 그치는 실험이 아니라 실질적으로 나라에 이득을 창출해 낼 수 있도록 가치있는 연구를 하였다고 자부합니다. 처음 실험실 생활을 시작했을 200x년도부터 지금 20xx년까지 x년이 넘는 시간동안 한 실험실에서 인내와 끈기를 가지고 공부한 결과 좋은 연구도 할 수 있었던 것 같습니다.

취업| 2012.02.23| 1페이지| 3,000원| 조회(374)

자기소개서, 자소서, 한글자기소개서, 국문자기소개서, 자기소개서샘플, 석사학위, 국..

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