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The Prohibition of Euthanasia 안락사 반대 에세이 (영문)

Jessica ParkProfessor David WP 239418 July 2011The Prohibition of EuthanasiaThe legalization of euthanasia is controversial because it is related to human life. Advocates of euthanasia argue that quality of life is the most essential element and killing can be justified in case death is benefit for the one killed. (Singer 214). There are several reasons as to why euthanasia is ethically problematic, however. In this paper, I argue that we should not legalize euthanasia because of unjustified euthanasia condition and the serious influence to the various people and the society.Firstly, we should not legalize euthanasia because euthanasia condition is not justified. Patients in extreme physical distress are of unsound psychological status; thus, they may change their mind. Peter Singer argues that “euthanasia can be voluntary if the person expresses the wish to die at the moment of distress or when the person makes a written request for euthanasia when he is in good health. In killing a pr minds about assisted suicide.” (Somerville 653). A patient whose mental status is not sound may be prone to a make decision that they do not intend. A decision made by a sick individual might be hard to be absolutely identical at every moment. Therefore, I argue against legalization of euthanasia because the criteria of voluntary euthanasia are problematic and ignore the nature of human mind which is easy to change.Secondly, the euthanasia law seriously affect to a lot of people. The law is the rule that citizens must obey, for the sake of order in society. If euthanasia is legalized, incurable patients may feel a responsibility to die in cases of voluntary euthanasia, and families will feel the duty to kill in non-voluntary cases because the law is a guideline that people feel compelled to follow. Ultimately, such a law will create chaos and confusion in society. Peter Singer illustrates the cases of Louis Repouille’s son and the infant of Samuel Linares, so as to justify killing foed and the most vulnerable people in our societies – especially disabled and aged people – would be placed at the greatest risk of being victims of the abuse of legalized euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Indeed, it is actively to eliminate any hope that might be present and the possibility of finding it. Such an offer is a truly nihilistic response.” (Somerville 653). Ill people are a minority who must be protected in society. Thus, the euthanasia law would actually encourage them to die while pretending to take care of them.Peter Singer applies Utilitarianism to justify his pro-euthanasia stance, arguing that “…the death of a disabled infant will lead to the birth of another infant with better prospects of a happy life, the total amount of happiness will be greater if the disabled infant is killed. The loss of happy life for the first infant is outweighed by the gain of a happier life for the second. Therefore, if killing the hemophiliac infant has no adverse effect on other to die, regardless of the happiness of a new born, parents or anyone else in society. Thus, euthanasia causes social inequality and should not be legalized. It is evident that human life must come first in any society.The euthanasia law will also influence negatively to physician’s autonomy and morality. Physicians could be sued under legalized euthanasia if they were to refuse to participate in assisted killing. Doctors would fear legal consequences, which would make it difficult for them to follow their conscience. They would simply try to follow the manual to ensure only that the patient’s case is acceptable according the criteria specified, in order to uphold the law as it applies to physicians. In other words, the wellbeing of patients would become secondary. It would be hard to expect physicians to provide sincere care that is based on morality, as they would lose their autonomy and feel de-motivated, due to such legislation.Indeed, euthanasia contradicts a doctor’s fiduciary duety, a euthanasia law seems to move retrogressively. Rather than killing ill people, we need an alternative system that can psychologically help the sick and relieve their pain so that their life ends naturally, rather from assisted suicide.Prohibition of euthanasia has more benefits to society than its legalization. If we continue to prohibit euthanasia, patients in extreme pain will have a diminished quality of life, but they should have the chance to overcome this though third-party intervention such as psychological and palliative treatment offered by the government. That is to say, there still remains the opportunity to have a better life. Patients who received assistance from the government and finally realized the importance of life value will support the government. On the other hand, if we legalize euthanasia, the decision to end a life cannot be revoked and lose all the change to have a valuable life. It would be questionable that the friends and family of the patient can hav7

사회과학| 2011.08.21| 8페이지| 15,000원| 조회(489)

영문 에세이, Euthanasia, 안락사 반대

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Forest Product Association of Canada (Interest group)

The FPAC 1The Forest Products Association of CanadaJenny ParkFaculty of Liberal Arts & Professional StudiesProfessor David Brown23 February 2010Q2. (A) The FPAC 2The Forestry Products Association of Canada (FPAC) is the voice of Canada’s wood, pulp,and paper producers nationally and internationally in government, trade, and environmental affairs(February 6, 2010). They represent the largest Canadian producers of the forestry goods and aimto create competitiveness in the sector though the exceptional forest policy and practices.There are major features of interest groups in the book that make differentiate from socialorganizations: the voluntary membership, the multimember group, high dependency on theactive involvement of members and narrow focus of concern. (Moore & Stanbury, 227). TheFPAC is run by the 21 member firms that are committed to energy efficiency and environmentalpreservation. They are required to third-party certification for the firms’ forest practices as acondition of mk of Canada to take action. "This is not a penny mining stock we'reThe FPAC 3talking about. It's our currency, the foundation of our economic growth," (February 6, 2010).Q2. (B)The interest group performs a variety of functions in a democratic society, including thefollowing: acting as signaling mechanisms, aggregating interests, providing information,contributing to policy development, providing resources (Moore & Stanbury, 228). The FPACfits well the framework because they aggregate common interests regarding the forest goods sothat transfer them to the government. It will contribute to the process of public policy.“The forest products industry in Canada is a source of 273,700 direct jobs and totalindustrial contribution to Canadian GDP is almost 2%.” (February 6, 2010). The ripple effect ofthe sector on the economy is tremendous and this is the reason for the FPAC to ask the governmentstrong actions. The FPAC hopes to receive good business conditions from the government in termsof tindustry's emergence from one of the worst economic periods in its history. He added thatthe FPAC will call on the Government of Canada to support the industry in taking full benefitsof the energy, environmental and economic opportunities the study identifies. (February 6,2010). Few days later, other article followed showing the government correspondence. “Thefederal government pledged $292.5 million to help Canada’s sagging forestry sector developrenewable energy from biomass.” (February 6, 2010). FPAC released the research through themedia and finally attracted government funds to recover their industry. It fits to the Stanburyand Moore’s indirect techniques. It includes the efforts to influence the news media with theobjective of influencing public policy by gaining visibility for the firm’s (other interest group’s)views and, thereby, influencing public opinion. (Moore and Stanbury, 239).Advocacy advertising is also a good example of indirect techniques. As proven by thereport of th planning approach based on scientific principles that will promotesustainable wetland resources of the Canadian boreal forest. (February 6, 2010). Stanbury andMoore explain coalition as a direct influence technique that is easier for them to argue that whatthey want from government is in the public interest because of the sizeable number of people.(Moore & Stanbury, 243). They also lobby to the public officer or ministers. The media release in theDemocratic Watch website shows the Lobbyists' Code that covers all lobbyists required to registerunder the Act and since 2000 the FPAC is registered in it. (February 23, 2010).In conclusion, the ultimate goal of the Forestry Products Association of Canada is topursue of the business prosper in the forestry goods sector. When the Canadian dollar fluctuates,exports of the forest products visibly decreased and they demand the government assist torecover it. “Rapid action by governments in such areas as tax reform, mergers policy can alsoplay an .CB Online. (January 29, 2010). Media Advisory - Forest Products Association of Canada toRelease Results of New Study on Future Directions of Industry. Canadianbusiness.com.http://www.canadianbusiness.com/markets/cnw/article.jsp?content=20100129_092502_1_cnw_cnw. (February 6, 2010).Forest Product Association of Canada. (2010). About FPAC.http://www.fpac.ca/index.php/en/about-us. (February 6, 2010).Forest Products Association of Canada. (2010). Collaboration and Partnership.http://www.fpac.ca/index.php/en/collaboration. (February 6, 2010).Forest Products Association of Canada. (2010). The Forest Product Industry in Canada – QuickFact 2008. http://www.fpac.ca/index.php/en/industry-by-the-numbers. (February 6, 2010).Ministry of Forests and Range. (July 5, 2002). Canada-U.S. Lumber Trade Disputes.http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/HET/softwood/disputes.htm. (February 6, 2010).Moore, S. and Stanbury, W. (2003) Between Public and Private. Role of the Interest Group inInfluencing Public Policy in Canad.

경영/경제| 2010.03.19| 8페이지| 5,000원| 조회(178)

이익집단, 캐나다 이익집단, interest group, 이익지ㅂ단, 캐나다산림, forestry product

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Canadian dollar and economy

The Dollar and Economy 1The Rising Canadian Dollar and the Economic EffectJenny ParkFaculty of Liberal Art and Professional StudiesProfessor David BrownFebruary 23, 2010Q1. (A) The Dollar and Economy 2Domestic and international conditions can cause the Canadian dollar appreciation. Itpositively influences on the importers, the natural resources companies, and the governments,and negatively affect to the exporters and the people in the tourism sector.To commence, the Bank of Canada adjusts the value of the Canadian dollar using themonetary policy during the economic recession. Brean suggests in the book:A tightening of monetary policy will raise Canadian interest rates. This will attract foreigncapital flows into Canada. Currency values are also affected because they must first buyCanadian dollars to pay for those securities before foreigners buy Canadian securities. (p.53).Unstable economic circumstances in Canada can lead to the engagement of the Bank of Canadaand the bank adjusts theds to the U.S. dollar depreciation. Since thesecurity investors tend to prefer stable capital such as gold when the U.S. dollar value fluctuates,the natural resources firms would be the beneficiary. An article shows that the rising demandenables Yamana Gold Company in Canada to expect more profits. (February 22, 2010). Thegovernment is also a potential winner since the figure of public debts will decrease while mostexporters and employees in the tourism sector are the losers due to the reducing demands. It willcause layoff, and the jobless people in the manufacturing and tourism fields are the other victim.In conclusion, there are two parties that welcome or unwelcome the dollar appreciation.Brean clearly said that the rising dollar crippled the manufacturing sector, while the commodity-The Dollar and Economy 4producing provinces were more than compensated by the rise in the export prices. (Brean, 42).Q1. (B)Canada’s competitive advantage was clearly in the production of natural resourwas valued at $382.6 billion, or 35.3% of Canada’s entire GDP. (Beg, et al, 482). Barrowsalso mentions that exports are primarily focused on a single market – the United States.(Barrows, 13). It proves Canada’s high dependency on the lumber exports with U.S. The lumberfirms become difficult to run whenever the Canadian dollar value fluctuates. In other words, therevenue of Canadian forestry firms was determined by U.S. exports. However, some innovativelumber companies changed the crisis to the great opportunity. The book shows a perfectexample of Canfor company. They performed strict plans on reducing its costs and improvingits margins in order to survive when the U.S. export was reduced. (Beg, et al, 504). They alsoexpanded market to Japan instead of a single market. The company knew that they had toimprove their operations if they wanted to remain competitive. (Beg, et al, 505). Accordingly,the forestry firms can face a crisis because of the Canadian dollar appreciation and it canimpnada can assist the forestry sector by lowering the taxes, offeringthe subsidies, or releasing the stimulus package as required. For example, the Saskatchewangovernment adopted the new policies for its forest industry on May 6, 2009. which containsstatements of broad policy direction on forest management, economic infrastructure, taxationThe Dollar and Economy 7and regulation, and knowledge and research. (February 11, 2010). Moreover, an article showsthat McGuinty government launches wood supply competition to spur investment and jobcreation. (February 11, 2010). The government sometimes buys a promising private lumber firmto make a crown corporation and develop it.Barrow and Wesson agree the government intervention and suggest that free markets mayfail in a number of ways such as incomplete markets, information failure. (Barrows & Wesson, 186).However, I definitely disagree that the intervention of the government and the central bankshould be reduced at the minimum level due to the god be adjusted for trade equality.Therefore, the government assists may create unfair situation in the international trade.Most importantly, free market economy can bring out the positive result in the forestsector. When the forest companies were in crisis due to the trade dispute with U.S., theychanged themselves dramatically. Canfor and Weyerhaeuser, the largest forest firms, changedthemselves through market diversification and productivity in order to survive. (Beg, et al,p.510). The firms learned themselves how to develop its own competitiveness though the crisis.To conclude, the assists of nation to the sector may not need in the economy because ofthe negative impacts and the competitiveness. Schumpeter said that economic growth occurredthrough a process of “creative destruction.” (Barrows, 7). The elimination of the nation’sintervention can lead the competitiveness of the sector.The Dollar and Economy 9BibliographyAssociated Press. (February 11, 2010). FOREX VIEW: Canadian Dollar ).

인문/어학| 2010.03.19| 10페이지| 5,000원| 조회(143)

환율, c, 캐나다 경제, 달러, canadian dollar, 캐나다 달러, 달러..

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The Kiss and A Respectabl Woman by Kate Chopin ( 두 소설의 비교 에세이) --- Feminism

Feminism 2Catherine O’Flaherty (Kate Chopin) profoundly expresses her view of societyagainst the traditional female roles and women’s position through all her stories. Theearly death of her father and husband and the life around her such as the convent girls’school significantly affected her thinking and writing. Two of her stories, “The Kiss”and “A Respectable Woman”, are worth comparing the similarities and differences inthe character and plot composition, theme, and literary technique sides.The writer depicts the characters and plot structures of the two novels in a similarpattern. In “The Kiss”, Nathalie, the lover named Harvy, and Brantain who is her futurehusband are the major three characters. In the same way, Mrs. Baroda, Gouvernail, andthe her partner, Gatson make an appearance in “A Respectable Woman”, but theindependence and desirable traits she has are stronger than Nathalie’s in the first story.The relationship among them get entangled through the incident which is theunexto kiss you.” (258). Compared to “A RespectableWoman”, the peak of the story is when Mrs. Baroda herself suggests having GouvernailFeminism 3return her house. Because of the ironic ending, the resolutions in the two fictions donot occur, and it makes it difficult for the reader to catch the underlying meaning.Indeed, the two novels are allegorical in which implies the writer’s veiledintention although both have the main ideas on the surface. The main idea of the twostories closely resemble the critical view of materialism in love. In “The Kiss”, Nathalieexcuses Brantain for the incident in which Harvy, who is an intimate friend of hissuddenly enters and kisses her because she does not want to lose Brantain’s money.Although Mrs. Baroda realizes true love with Gouvernail who is an old friend of herhusband, she does not leave her husband who has given her a wealthy life. The writer,moreover, expresses her hidden thoughts about feminism, the traditional roleof women, and the desire for sele knows everything that happenedbetween she and his friend. She realizes it later when she feels like a chess player. Here,Nathalie generally represents strong women who have the ability to realize the women’sFeminism 4desire and the husband describes men who are typical and conventional in the early 20thcentury. She might be eager to find independence through the deviation with the loverwhich means the feminist movement was discriminated by society. Similarly, Mrs.Baroda in “A Respectable Woman” tried to deviate from the husband which points tothe fact that women started to arise self-consciousness. She fights with herself as shekeeps discovering what she did not expect, and it implies women’s awakening. The twostories do not describe what will happen, and this fact confuses the reader. In “ARespectable Woman”, for example, the ambiguity is shown in the handout “I haveovercome everything! you will see.” (3). It seems to connote the uncertainty of thewriter because she also was not surcause the two female protagonists struggle towardself-identification and it was a time when men were in a superior position to that ofwomen, historically. The title of “The Kiss” is symbolic because not only does itindicate adulterous desires but also the expression of women’s desire. In “A RespectableWoman”, Mrs. Baroda is a revered woman with a nice husband and a good home as itFeminism 5stands, but it is sarcastically symbolic because it causes her to hesitate when expressingher deep emotion about Gouvernail. Otherwise, a respectable woman, Mrs. Baroda, isnot that envious woman. Dramatic irony in the two stories occurs when the secret isrevealed that the husband knows everything in “The Kiss” and when Mrs. Barodachanged her mind by asking her husband to invite Gouvernail in “A RespectableWoman”. However, simile only comes out in “The Kiss” when the narrator says “Shefelt like a chess player.”, and it helps the reader understand what Nathalie was thinking.The use of a poem in “The Kiots, themes, and literary devices. The major character, the two women,struggle with their desires for a lover and independence, fighting with themselves andwith the other characters. However, they do not seem to make sense at this level becauseof the underlying meanings about the feminist movement, the awakening, and self-reliance of women. In a contemporary society, women’s position is impartial to that ofmen because it is based on the law of equality, and sometimes the standing of womenFeminism 6seems higher than men in Canada. In most cases of divorce, for instance, men appear tolose most of their money, and have to support the children and women, but there is noprejudice although it may appear that way. The number of women as the leader inCanada is continuously increasing relative to the past. Unfortunately, because womenused to distressed and discriminated against, they might have criticized the inequalityand unfair treatment of women. Later, her novel was blamed and banned due to

인문/어학| 2006.12.07| 5페이지| 2,000원| 조회(1,333)

페미니즘, feminism, Kate Chopin, A respectable ..

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Hills Like White Elephant (Fiction Analysis) 소설 분석 에세이 평가A좋아요

Separation 2SeparationThe story “Hills Like White Elephants” by Ernest Hemmingway shows that menand women are essentially distinct and it is hard for the two to communicate. The storydescribes the landscape around the station which is between Barcelona and Madrid. Thetracks of the station separate two opposite worlds. There is desolate moorland on oneside, and, there are trees and an abundance of grain plants along the river on the otherside. Most of the story is based on the dialogue about miscarriage on the patio of a pubbetween two protagonists (an American man and a girl named Jig). The scenes andconversations express not only the conflicts between the two of them but also thedialogue is a representation of the problems between men and women by and large.One of the main characters, the man, is double-faced. This is evident from thehandout, “I’ll go with you and I’ll stay with you all the time. They just let the air in andthen it’s all perfectly natural.” (621). He seems to care for the girl, but he sticks to hisopinion that she should have an abortion. The irresolute girl is another protagonist whodoes not make a decision on whether or not to have an abortion. She appears not to wantthe abortion because she agues against the man’s opinion but she never makes adecision. The conflict implies the man and the woman are instinctively different.Separation 3The use of author-observed narration and symbols in the story arouse the reader’sinterest because the story makes the reader think deeply about the intension of the writer.In the story, the man and the girl keep arguing, and she asks him to stop talking. After awhile, he starts to push the girl to decide. She becomes angry, and asks him to stoptalking. This is the climax of the story. After the conversation ceases, the bags appear inthe scene. As shown by the handout, “He did not anything but looked at the bags againstthe wall of the station.” (623). The bags symbolize a pregnant girl, and it means greatresponsibility for him. Furthermore, the hills on the dry land and the rails also havesymbolical meanings. The hills describe the abdomen of pregnant girl, and the dry landrepresents life without life. Horizontal rails symbolize how the man and the womanthink in different ways, so they cannot come to an agreement.Finally, a resolution cannot occur in the story although in the end, they stoparguing and ask each other if their feelings have become stronger or not. The writerleaves the next scenes to the imagination of the reader. It might mean the matterbetween the man and the woman have not resolved because it is an intrinsic attribute ofhumans. The distinctness originates from the genes and hormones, and they causepsychological and behavioral differences. If the writer concluded the story with anSeparation 4agreement between the two, the story would not be consistent from the beginning untilthe end. By not having a resolution, the writer is able to mirror what happens in societyin general.In conclusion, Hemmingway represents the great difference between men andwomen through the story. The abortion issue, opposite scenes, and symbolism supportthe writer’s idea well. In reality, the process of thinking between the sexes appears to bedifferent. Females have a better natural ability in language, while males have a bettersense of space. It is because the left side of the brain in women is better developed forlanguage, so many of them work as announcers, writers, and translators. The right sideof the brain in men highly developed in the area of space, and they lead the field ofengineering, mathematics, and physics. Although humans appear to be equal in modernsociety, biological factors cannot be underestimated. People are different and thisdifference may never change.

인문/어학| 2006.11.12| 3페이지| 1,500원| 조회(2,597)

Hemingway, 소설 분석, LIKE WHITE ELEPHANT, 헤밍웨이..

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