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과연 민주주의가 세계평화를 도모하는가

Can the spread of democracy by force make the world a more peaceful place?The issue of spreading democracy by force has been controversial since most countries in the world have been divided into two opposing ideologies, respectively democratic capitalism (to be precise) and socialism, in modern times. Some people argue that democracy should be spread all over the world because they believe that a democratic government is the best form of government in which citizens are guaranteed their rights and freedom. Other people believe that having a democratic government is not necessary in order to maintain the order of the society and guarantee the human rights. They believe that forcing democracy itself is an action of breaking peace in the context of international relations. However, it is reckoned that many scholars have found that there is close correlation between democracy and peace. According to their discovery, the spread of democracy can make the world a more peaceful place. Then, dar in self-defense. Therefore, Kant asserts that a democratic government should be built in order to pursue perpetual peace in the world since a democratic government makes decisions based on the opinion of citizens. Steve Smith, a professor at Yale University, suggests that a democratic government has obstacles in order to wage war against any country due to the political system. Smith asserts that‘in liberal republics, elected decision-makers are held responsible forall decisions by their constituencies. Assuming that citizens are cost-and risk-averse,the shadow of electoral sanctions would prevent republican governments fromgoing to war too easily’ (Smith 2007: 90).Smith supports the idea of Kant in the context of a democratic government. He emphasizes the fact that democratic elections may function as a possible domestic sanctioning system. Smith states that the causal mechanism of the voting system prevents political leaders from going to war too often because ‘citizens are assumemall number of wars have been broken (1976:50-51).Last but not least, in 1913 Sir Ralph Norman Angell, a previous member of Parliament for the Labour Party and English lecturer, published his book War and Peace in which he argued that democratic countries tend to keep peace better among them because their economic interdependence generated from the similar economic structure such as capitalism contributes to peace.However, as Albert Einstein, a theoretical physicist, once said, ‘A theory can be tested by experience’ (quoted in Waltz 1979, p.7), Angell’s theory was proved wrong due to the First World War, the war between economically connected countries in Europe in 1914. The Second World War was broken as well not long after the great calamity of the First World War. Not only Norman Angell but Friedman had to update his Golden Arches theory into Dell theory of Conflict Prevention in 2005 after there were at least three wars occurred between McDonald’s residing states respectively the woberts 1991:6667).In the summer of 1955, Ngo Dinh Diem, the premier of South Vietnam, began the campaign called ‘Denounce the Communists’ (Turner 1975:85). During the campaign, communists and other people, who politically opposed Diem’s policy, were arrested and executed. The great purge began on 10 December of 1958 under Diem’s anticommunist constituency (Turner 1975:102). The effort to eliminate the communist in South Vietnam expanded into war between South Vietnam and North Vietnam. The attempt to spread democracy by force brought a military conflict not only in Vietnam but also in other South-Asia countries near Vietnam. According to a reporter Jeff Stein, the Vietnam War stimulated the Khmer Rouge, a communist party ruling country, to enact a genocidal law that would kill over one fifth of Cambodian population (Stein 1992:61). In 1973 The United States withdrew U.S. military force and in 1975 North Vietnam captured South Vietnam. A historian Moore John Norton Moore reveals the facn a potent impetus to external war’ (Mansfield and Snyder, 2002).In conclusion, the analysis that the spread of democracy would bring perpetual peace to the world may be theoretically right. However, Kenneth N. Waltz, one of the most prominent scholars of international relations and one of the founders of neorealism, states that ‘the error made is the opposite of the one Immanuel Kant so cogently warned against, that is, of thinking that what is true in theory may not be so in practice’ (Waltz,1979:7). The historical events of the Korean War and the Vietnam War give a clear lesson that a theory may be proved utterly wrong in practice. The collapse of the Soviet Union may explain well that peace can be brought when the nation chooses to adopt democracy. A serious economic inefficiency and political instability put the Soviet Union on the brink of collapse. Thus, Mikhail Gorbachev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, had to introduce major reforms including nc.

사회과학| 2010.11.12| 5페이지| 3,000원| 조회(191)

민주주의, globalization, 정치외교, World, Democracy, democratization

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