Subsurface exploration Foundation Engineering Civil Engineering 20081062 Park Ha YeonSubsurface Exploration Drill rigs Solid stem continuous Flight Auger Hollow stem continuous Flight Auger Mud lowly and coring Variety of Drills Solid stem continuous flight auger Hollow stem continuous Flight Auger Mud lowly and coring (rotary wash) Sampling Method Split-Spoon Sampler Thin Walled Sampler Piston Sampler Pitcher Sampler Effect of disturbance [1] ContentsTo obtain representative samples of some samples at different depth To design the foundation where we built something To separate distrub /non-disturb samples To desing economically [2] PurposeDivided by site’s situation. [ Type 1 ] Highway Paved Road – Truck – Excavation Work [ Type 2 ] Off - Raod Unpaved Road – Portable transport -Drill [3] Drill rings type[ Type 3 ] Over Water Sea field – Buoyages – Ground investigation [ Type 4 ] Portable Mountains Area – Small size drill by human Ground Investigation [3] Drill rings type[ Type 1 ] Solid stem continuous Flight Auger Component : Auger , Drill ( variety Dr ) Make Exploratory Hole Put in STH Collect the samples [4] Drilling Type[ Type 2 ] Hollow stem continuous Flight Auger Hollow stem - Solid stem Make Exploratory Hole Collect the samples at the same time Connection : Key connection, Octagon connection [4] Drilling Type[ Type 3 ] Mud lowly and coring (rotary wash) Different from Solid stem continuous flight auger Mud Lowly : Make dry soil to mud by using water/ bentonite And then, Drilling the site Bit type : Drag / Roller / Plug bits divided by different Diameter [4] Drilling Type[ Type 3 ] Mud lowly and coring (rotary wash) Using Standard Penetration Test – Collecting the sample Hammer’s Weight = 63.5 kg An impact point’s Height = 76 cm Total height = 45 cm / except for first time height = 15 cm Gather the last two times’ samples = 30 cm [4] Drilling Type[ Type 4 ] Roller and Cutter Equip roller/cutter – Pin Point Make the ground weaker / cut / drill [ Type 5 ] Coring Drilling the bedrock (Diamond) Collect the bedrock sample - sticking core barrel at the pin point Smashed bedrock sample in core barrel Keep samples at sample storage [4] Drilling Type[5] Sampler Type [ Type 1 ] Split-spoon sampler Most common way Variety Diameter Impact Hammer : Drop Hammer : Mechanical trap Hammer Using Split spoon sampler Get property of soil Get safety factor Maximum angle of repose[5] Sampler Type [ Type 1 ] Split-spoon sampler’s Hammer Type Drop Hammer : Connet to rope ( Cat head ) Hand operated machine – Impact Energy ≠ fixed value Occur Friction Energy – Hammer/Support stick – Loss of E 30~95% - Hammer can pass on split spoon E Mechanical Trap Hammer : Fixed Height / Force to Loss of E by falling Tracing test – Number of hammering – to 30 cm[5] Sampler Type [ Type 1 ] Split-spoon sampler Most common way Variety Diameter Impact Hammer : Drop Hammer / Mechanical trap Hammer[5] Sampler Type [ Type 2 ] Thin-Walled Sampler Collect the sample by using thin walled sampler Put sampler in Exploratory Hole - 5in (13cm) Pour micro-particle STH. to soil samples. For keep the sample[5] Sampler Type [ Type 3 ] Piston Sampler Collect sample from the bottom Make low value – Inside sampler’s pressure To prevent falling samples from the sampler Using at : Undisturbed sample / soft soil[5] Sampler Type [ Type 4 ] Pitcher Sampler Harder/solid state - pitcher sampler piston sampler Get natured undisturbed sample Dual structure ( outside / inside ) : Inside’s sampler reach at the soil Then, outside’s coring come out to collect the sample Using core barrel – at solid bedrock – to collect[6] Theory [ Type 1 ] Standard penetration test: SPT Set up the SPT sampler at end of the road Hammer = 63.5 kg / Height = 76 cm Number of Impact - interpenetrate 30 cm Last two times (30 cm) , First time : disturbed Delicate ground , Dense sandy soil[6] Theory [ Type 2 ] Effect of disturbance Line = Most Ideal sample / disturbed value = 0 Dotted line = Division sample , drilling sample , etc Show ( Vv/Vs = e ) Can compare disturbed value - each type[7] Conclusion Video Shows.. Explain basic theory – Samplers Subsurface / Ground Properties Environmental disturb elements When / How / Where Using Sampler/Drilling Types Thank U :){nameOfApplication=Show}
Road Traffic EngineeringContents of ExperimentⅠ. WhoⅡ. WhenⅢ. WhereⅣ. WhatⅤ. WhyⅥ. Howwww.thmemgallery.comCompany LogoRoad Traffic EngineeringIntention of Experiment* Improve the class'understanding - traffic volume of the place * Order of the project - count on the traffic volume of the place ( especially Bus ) - Effect factor : Subway, Train, KTX time Commute time cf.) except taxi, carRoad Traffic EngineeringWho will do it ?Road Traffic EngineeringWhen we'll do it ?Road Traffic EngineeringWhere we'll do it ?Dispersed 10 bus stations4 bus stations in the middle of the road 1 roadside bus station Connection to 1 4 subway lines* Transfer time decrease = 10 ~ 12 minutes - within 3 minutes * Decrease the idling time = Decrease environmental pollution * 23 buses can be stopped at once * Permissible amount = 920 buses (per hour) * Crosswalk instead of underpass (long distance) from Seoul station to Dawoo building * Each bus station has 3 platform (12) - has Art shelter * From July 25thRoad Traffic EngineeringWhere we'll do it ?Road Traffic EngineeringWhat we'll do it ?* Counting buses - each time - each bus station - by using Cordon line way * Check up - departure, arrive time ( train , KTX , subway) - commute time * Connection - number of bus - number of population - check up timeRoad Traffic EngineeringWhy we'll do it ?When KTX, Train and subway arrived or departed, the floating population change - Then, we can guess when we adjust bus' numberRoad Traffic EngineeringHow we'll do it ?Road Traffic EngineeringWell done.{nameOfApplication=Show}
폐기물 관리법 환경공학개론 건설환경공학과 20081062 박하 연폐기물이란 산업 , 상업 , 광업 , 농업 발생 고체 , 액체 쓰레기 , 배설물 ( 생활 / 사업 폐기물 , 일반 / 유해 폐기물 등 분류 ) 폐기물 문제점 폐기물 관리 : 경제성장의 필수불가결한 요소 ( 목표 ) 절약 통해 증가되는 폐기물 처리량과 에너지원 유지 고비용 - 폐기물 접근법 오염 방지 : 재활용 , 재순환 가능 , 1 차 발생지에서 사용하지 않는 고형 / 유해 폐기물 = 잠재적 자원 간주 ( 목표 ) 버려진 물질자원 , 에너지 자원 감소 , 폐기물 자원으로 재생 저비용 - 폐기물 접근법 [1] 폐기물이란폐기물 관리법 적용 대상 : 일반 폐기물 ( 생활쓰레기 ) / 사업장 폐기물 ( 산업폐기물 ) 적용 내용 : 운반 , 수집 , 처리 , 각 시설 , 처리법 , 시설 주변 영향 지역지원 등 관련 현행법 폐기물 국가간 이동 및 그 처리에 관한 법률 : 1992 년 12 월 제정 [‘ 바젤 협약 ’ 대처법 ] 우리나 라 폐기물 수출 / 수입 시 당국 허가 가능 오수 , 분뇨 및 축산 폐수의 처리에 관한 법률 : 낙동강 페놀 오염사고 대형 환경사고 , 환경범죄 빈발 억제 기존의 환경보전법 - 폐기물 관련 분리 확장 [ 환경중요 ] [2] 폐기물 관리법폐기물 관련 국제환경협약 사례 “ 바젤 협약 ” 1992 년 5 월 제정 1994 년 5 월 29 일 시행 ( 우리나라 ) 협약 내용 : 유해폐기물 무역거래 규제 최종 목적 : 유해폐기물 / 기타 폐기물 생산감소 국가간 폐기물 이동 최소화 환경적으로 안전한 관리 / 처리 유인 협약 조건 : 폐기물 처리 기술적 능력 / 시설 無 수출가능 국가간 이동 시 국제법적 법칙 , 기준 – 포장 , 표식 , 운반 반드시 국제적 기재 내용 명세서 첨부 각 국가 유해폐기물 수입 금지 권한 有 유해성 폐기물 이외 재활용 , 재생가능 폐기물 규제대상 포함 [3] 국제환경협약폐기물 관련 국제환경협약 사례 “ 오슬로 조약 ” 1972 년 서명 1974 년 발효 ( 북해 연안 국가 ) 협약 내용 : 북해 / 북동 태평양 폐기물 투기 단속 조약 협약 조건 : ( 특별관리대상 물질 ) 미량시 만 투기 가능 “ 런던 폐기물 투기규제 조약 ” : 할로겐 화합물 , 유기규소화합물 , 발암성 물질 , 수은 및 화합물 카드뮴 및 화합물 , 잔류성 플라스틱 등 [ 小 – 축적해 환경오염 유발 ] ( 일반관리대상 물질 ) 사전 허가시 투기 가능 [3] 국제환경협약폐기물 관리정책 변화 : 재활용 증가추세 최초 쓰레기 행정 시발점 : 1392 년 태조 이성계 내시부(內侍部) 설치 궁내 청소 전담 관직 / 정팔품 6 명 배치 [4] 폐기물 관리정책[5] 폐기물 관련 사례[5] 폐기물 관련 사례[5] 폐기물 관련 사례{nameOfApplication=Show}