China will be a threat to South Korea in the end.Term paper for POSC 107, International RelationsOn April 15, 2010, the National Bureau of Statistics of China declared that the economy grew 11.9 percent during the first quarter of this year. VOA News (2010) reported that China recorded 10.7 percent of GDP growth during the fourth quarter of last year, so this official announcement means that China has been keeping its growth rate of economy in double-digits since 2009 despite the global financial crisis.In South Korea, it is common to consider China’s economic growth as an opportunity for promoting economy of South Korea, a neighboring country. However I argue that this point of view is a mere short term view. In the long run, emergence of China as the world’s second-largest economy is a bad thing for South Korea because economy is a zero-sum game. Also, it could pose security risks to South Korea with China’s capabilities and desire for hegemony of East Asia.Economic collaboration witde volume - $1 million, Market share - %Source: Statistics KoreaDuring the early stages of economic growth of China, mostly small-and-medium sized labor-intensive companies pushed into the Chinese market to capitalize on cheaper labor in China, but recently large enterprises have jumped for a chance to enter to China. Therefore it seems that Korea’s direct investment in China would keep increasing and win-win situation with complementary cooperation among South Korea and China would continue.Economic Competition with ChinaHowever it should not expect South Korea’s economy to grow along with the rapid growth of China’s economy because economy is a zero-sum game – “in which one player’s gain is by definition equal to the other’s loss.” (Goldstein 2009, 58) Also in the international system, all states which are rational actors are selfish and they only pursue their own interests. It means that eventually the competition between Korea and China will be inevitable because they are aiming foAsia countries to area in China called ‘Black Hole’. Therefore economic competition is inescapable. In other words, in the short run, bilateral economic growth is possible but China would obstruct the economic growth of South Korea in the end.Security Concerns by China’s economic growthChina’s economic growth might become a threat to national security of South Korea. Layne (1993) argued that “rising powers” such as China “seek to enhance their security by increasing their capabilities and their control over the external environment.” Like he says, China has modernized their army unprecedentedly in recent years, and at the same time has increased the national defense budget since Tiananmen Massacre in 1989. Further China’s budget of national defense has kept growing in double-digits since 1994 (Table 2) and Korea Defense and Security Forum reported that the average annual increase of that was 15.36 percent during 1999 to 2005.Now this recent trend of China is regarded as a threat to theanymore even in Taiwan and Vietnam”, stressing that “China’s military power is still vague” in the interview with South China Morning Post.James A. Lyons (2010), a former U.S. Pacific Fleet commander, criticized China’s attitudes that “Though China professes that the modernization of its military forces threatens no one and is only for defensive purposes, it is classic Chinese subterfuge”. As he points out, an increase of China’s military power based on rapid economic growth will affect neighboring countries’ securities and finally cause a security dilemma – “a situation in which actions taken by states to ensure their own security threaten the security of other states.” (Goldstein 2009, 42)Also China’s aggressive tendency would be much inclined along with the economic growth. As seen in Tiananmen Massacre, China is likely to use force to solve domestic disputes even when it is not during the war. Besides, China’s offensive attitude is simply exposed in foreign matter. Especially Chinamy is likely to bounce back.However in the long run, competition will be much intensified as this relationship gets progressive and finally China’s economic growth will become a bad thing for South Korea because economy is a zero-sum game. Specifically, South Korea will fall behind China in price cutting race, and technological gaps will span at a remarkably fast pace. China also monopolizes investments from foreign companies and that is causing deindustrialization in South Korea.Furthermore, China’s recent defense buildup program brings about security concerns to the international system. Under the self-help system, security dilemma will be caused among neighboring countries following military changes of China and eventually arms race will be inescapable. Besides China’s strong stand of bringing Taiwan back to China clearly reminds the hostile tendency and ambition of China for hegemony of East Asia.Bad effects by China’s economic growth are just a part of the beginning stages. Yet, ST 7
Statement of AccentESOL107Accent is seriously affected by which circumstances one person has grown up. Because of this, people who are from different countries have different accents. Especially in case of people whose first language is not English, their English accents are easily influenced by their first languages.My English accent also has been affected by Korean. For example, I cannot pronounce ‘r’ and ‘th’ sounds well because there is no pronounce like them in Korean. Also unlike English, there are not intonation and accent in Korean but only differences between the long and the short pronounce instead.Since each other’s accent is diverse, sometimes my friend who is from a different country cannot understand what I am saying. In this case, using hand gesture is helpful to make her understand. Also it is useful to explain the meaning of the word which she cannot understand because of accent. When I talked about horror movies, I said ‘zombie’ but she couldn’t understand right away so I explained lamely that zombie is like the person who is already dead but revives from tombs and eats human beings. After that, I realized that didn’t accent a word on the first syllable.However when I give a public presentation, I am not able to use those two ways because I cannot check whether the audience is following me one by one. Instead, I can use gestures including a hand gesture which I mentioned before with grasping the atmosphere by eye contact. Gestures can really help the audience understand the words that I say because they are universal languages. In addition, visual aids such as power point will be useful because they can convey both simple and complex information well.To relax myself before giving a public speech, mind control is the most effective technique. If I feel nervous, it means that I am not confident in myself. Therefore I have to build up my own self-esteem by, for instance, talking to myself “you can do it” in front of a mirror. Besides, I have to know thoroughly about the message which I convey to the audience and practice a lot before a public presentation. In this way, I can be relaxed because I know that I can do well.Distinguishing good accent and bad accent depends on whether it is easy to understand or not. That is to say, an accent that I can understand clearly is better one. Since languages are originally medium of communication, it is the best when they carry out their duties properly.On the other hands, it is highly affected by cultural things to make people like one accent over another. For example, if one person loves French accent, means that he likes French itself. In addition, if he says “the French accent is so romantic”, it implies that he thinks French culture is romantic. It is the same as British accent. PAGE * MERGEFORMAT 1