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동명사(Gerund) report

Contents1. Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2Function of Gerunds2. Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions ---------------------------------- 23. Verbs Followed by Gerunds ------------------------------------------------------- 3Common Verbs Followed by GerundsCommon Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds4. Go + Gerund ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55. Special Expressions Followed by –ing ------------------------------------------- 56. Gerund as Subjects ------------------------------------------------------------------ 67. Passive Expressions ----------------------------------------------------------------- 7Passive GerundsUsing Gerunds Following Need8. Syntactic Features of Gerunds ----------------------------------------------------- 89. Using Verbs of Perception ---------------------------------------------------------- 810. Idioms with Gerunds --------------------------t your work.(d) I’m used to sleeping with the window open.(e) I’m accustomed to sleeping with the window open.(f) I look forward to going home next month.(g) We talked about not going to the meeting, but finally decided we should go.Common preposition combinations followed by gerundsbe excitedbe worriedabout -ingkeep someoneprevent someoneprohibit someonestop someonefrom -ingbe tiredinsistof/from -ingcomplaindreamtalkthinkabout/of -ingbe interestedbelieveparticipatesucceedin -ingbe accustomedin additionbe committedbe devotedlook forwardobjectbe opposedbe usedto -ingapologizeblame someoneforgive someonehave an excusehave a reasonbe responsiblethank someonefor -ingbe accusedbe capablebe guiltyinsteadtake advantagetake careof -ing3. Verbs Followed by GerundsCommon verbs Followed by Gerunds타동사 가운데는 다음 예문 (a)처럼 부정사만을 목적어로 삼는 동사와 (b)처럼 동명사만을 목적어로 삼는 동사가 있고, (c)처럼 부정사와 동명사를 모두 목적어로 삼는 동사가 있다.(a) I managed to get on the bus.(b) As we lived in the same town, I could hardly avoid meeting him frohat he was to go to the back and therefore he did not do so.)(f) Sam forgot going to the bank yesterday. (= Sam forgot that he went to the bank yesterday.)4. Go + Gerund대부분 오락 활동을 나타내는 관용적 표현으로 go 다음에 동명사가 온다.(a) Did you go shopping?(b) We went fishing yesterday.Go + gerund의 형태로 사용되는 예를 몇 개 더 들어보면 다음과 같다.go boatinggo hikinggo dancinggo window shoppinggo bowlinggo huntinggo sightinggo snorkelinggo campinggo jogginggo swimminggo skiinggo kayakinggo sailinggo runninggo sledding5. Special Expressions Followed by –ingHave trouble/ difficulty/ fun/ good/ a hard/ a difficult time +- ingWe had fun playing basketball.They had a good time going shopping.I had trouble finding his house.I didn’t have any difficulty choosing my wedding dress.She had a hard time solving the math problem.Creg had a difficult time meeting his wife.It’s a waste of money/ a waste of time + -ingThe book was boring. It’s a waste of time reading it.It’s a waste of money buying another car that is not necessary for you.Speneir proper places.7. Passive/Past ExpressionsPassive/Past Gerunds과거 동명사가 표현하는 사건은 본동사가 의미하는 사건보다 그 이전에 발생했었음을 나타낸다. 예문 (a)에서는 대통령을 과거 어느 때인가 만난 일이 있었는데, 그 만날 수 있었던 것을 현재 고맙게 생각함을 표현하는 말이다. 예문 (b)는 동명사가 수동태로 쓰인 경우이며 예문 (c)는 과거 어느 때에 대통령을 만날 수 있는 기회가 주어졌음에 대하여 현재 감사하는 마음을 표현하는 문장이다.(a) I appreciate having had the opportunity to meet the president.(b) Nancy appreciated being invited to your home.(c) I appreciate having been given an opportunity to meet the president.Using Gerunds Following Need보통 need 다음에는 예문 (a)와 (b)에서 보는 바와 같이 부정사가 따라온다.(a) John needs to work harder if he wants to make progress.(b) Do you think my car needs to be washed?그런데 어떤 경우는 need 다음 동명사가 따라오는데, 이 경우 동명사는 수동의 의미를 갖는다. 보통 이러한 경우는 무엇을 고치거나 무엇을 좀 더 낮게 개선한다는 의미와 관련된다. 따라서 예문 (a)와 (b), (c)와 (d)의 의미는 동일하다.(a) My car needs washing.(b) My car needs to be washed.(c) My house needs painting.(d) My house needs to be painted.8. Syntactic Features of Gerunds동명사는 통사상 다음과 같이 명사적 특성과 동사적 특성을 함께 지닌다.명사적 특성 (+관사/ 형용사/ 복수형)(a) The wrhed the baseball team play last night.그 외의 지각동사 hear, feel, smell 등도 마찬가지로 사용된다.(h) I have never heard him sing.(i) Mary felt somebody touch on her shoulder.(j) Because of the sound of music, I couldn’t hear it rain last night.(k) Now I can hear it raining.(l) I smelled something burn last night.(m) Can you smell something burning?10. Idioms with GerundIt’s no use/ good + -ing (~해도 소용없다.)it’s no use arguing with a drunk.There’s no + -ing (= It is impossible to do/ We cannot do)There’s no telling what may happen.There’s no knowing what she will do next.Feel like + -ing (~하고 싶다.)Red didn’t feel like talking to anybody.Julia feels like she will meet her boyfriend by chance in the evening.Be worth + -ing (~할 가치가 있다.)Jacob decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth buying.A book which is worth reading at all is likely to be read more than once.Of one’s own + -ing (자기 자신이 ~한)Amjad knew that the lovely quality he’d ascribed to her were of his own imagining.What’s more, Ja11

인문/어학| 2013.05.29| 11페이지| 1,500원| 조회(218)

영문법, 동명사, English grammar, gerund

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