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Analysis of Acid and Base in Life 결과레포트(A+)

Title: Analysis of Acid and base in lifePurpose & Theory▶실험 목적: 중화를 통해 일상생활 속 산과 염기의 농도를 알아낸다.▶실험 이론산•염기 [1]아레니우스 산염기: 아..

리포트| 2022.04.15| 4페이지| 1,500원| 조회(266)

레포트, 화학, 결과레포트, 일반화학실험1, 일화실1

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화학공학실험2 화공실2 Pressure Drop Measurement by Pipe Accessory 결과레포트

1. TitlePressure Drop Measurement by Pipe Accessory2. ObjectiveIn this experiment, pressure drop in pipe accessories, such as gate valve, standard elbow bend, 90◦ Miter bend, straight pipe, glove valve and sudden enlargement, are measured.3. Result & DiscussionIt is assumed that the experiment was conducted at a constant temperature of about 14℃. Since the density and viscosity of water depend on the temperature, the density and viscosity at 14℃ are as follows.Density = 999.27kg/m^3Viscosity =1) straight pipe 10A (diameter = )measurement 1Measurement2Measurement 3AverageVolume510mL500mL520mL510mL112mm363mmVolumetric flow rateFlow rate=11808 -> turbulent flowFor turbulent flow -> = 0.0076= 363mm2) straight pipe 15A (diameter = )measurement 1Measurement2Measurement 3AverageVolume1550mL1550mL1550mL1550mL448mm371mmVolumetric flow rateFlow rate=24013 -> turbulent flowFor turbulent flow -> = 0.0063= 371mm3) straight pipe 20A (diameter = )measurement 1Measurement2Measurement 3AverageVolume900mL910mL920mL910mL10mm33mmVolumetric flow rateFlow rate=4627 -> turbulent flowFor turbulent flow -> = 0.0096= 33mm4) Sudden expansion (D1 = 20mm, D2 = 38mm)measurement 1Measurement2Measurement 3AverageVolume995mL1000mL1000mL998mL2mm6.41mmVolumetric flow rateFlow rate5) Sudden contraction (D1 = 38mm, D2 = 20mm)measurement 1Measurement2Measurement 3AverageVolume1200mL1210mL1210mL1206.7mL1mm1.78mmVolumetric flow rateFlow rate6) 180° (diameter = 20mm)measurement 1Measurement2Measurement 3AverageVolume1000mL1000mL1000mL1000mL10mm15mmVolumetric flow rateFlow rate=5461 -> turbulent flow= 15mm7) 90° (diameter = 20mm)measurement 1Measurement2Measurement 3AverageVolume1010mL1020mL1010mL1013.3mL1mm4.7mmVolumetric flow rateFlow rate=5461 -> turbulent flow= 4.7mm8) Error rateError rateStraight pipe 10AStraight pipe 15AStraight pipe 20ASudden expansionSudden contraction180 deg. U-bow90 deg. L-bow4. Factors of errorThe calculation was made assuming that the inside of the tube was smooth. It is not known whether the inside of the tube is actually smooth, and the calculated value may not be accurate because it may not be in a uniform state. Although the Manometer was zeroed, the measured height difference may differ from the actual one because there were cases where the zeros were not accurately aligned. There will also be errors caused by not being able to read the scale of the manometer accurately. The density and viscosity of water are affected by temperature. When calculating the calculation, it was assumed that the temperature was constant, but in reality, the temperature would not have been constant, and the density and viscosity would have changed.5. SummaryIn this experiment, the pressure difference of the viscous fluid flowing along the tube was measured and the loss head was calculated to investigate the energy loss caused by the motion of the viscous fluid. Energy losses occurring under various pipe conditions were measured, and pressure drops could be observed under all conditions. Based on the measured values, the Reynolds number, the fanning friction factor, and the loss head were calculated. An error would have occurred because the calculation was performed assuming ideal conditions, and an error may have occurred even in the inexperience of manipulating the parameter.6. ReferencesChemical Engineering Laboratory II. (2022). Sungkyunkwan University School of Chemical Engineering.

자연과학| 2024.07.13| 6페이지| 2,000원| 조회(130)

결과레포트, 화학공학실험2, 화공실, 화공실2

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화학공학실험2 화공실2 CSTR in series 결과레포트

1. TitleContinuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) in Series2. ObjectiveIn this experiment, we focus on understanding the exact operating method and characteristics of the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) connected in series and measuring the response time of the concentration change in this system under different experimental conditions.

자연과학| 2024.07.13| 4페이지| 2,500원| 조회(151)

결과레포트, 화학공학실험2, 화공실, 화공실2

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화학공학실험2 화공실2 liquid-liquid extraction 결과레포트

1. Title: Liquid-Liquid Extraction2. ObjectiveLiquid-liquid extraction is an operation for separating a specific substance from the mixture using a selective solvent when a means of distillation-based separation is inadequate due to the similarity in their boiling points of mixture (azeotropic mixtures) or the concern for thermal degradation of the target substance during distillation process. In general, multi-stage extraction is employed using countercurrent process in which the solvent (extracting solvent) is injected into the first stage, whereas the mixture feed (extraction feed) is supplied to the other side.Based on this technological understanding, among a few designs for liquid-liquid extractions, the experimental system is devised for a pulsating motion-type perforated panel extraction system. For a liquid-liquid extraction, counter-currently supplied extraction feed and extracting solvent are continuously flowed, and the resulting extract and residue are withdrawn at the topliquidConditionStroke valueFlow rateRefractive index of lighter liquidConcentration(acetic acid)Heavier liquidLighter liquid160rpm1.5mL/s1.5mL/s1.50081.31wt%260rpm3mL/s1.5mL/s1.50190.46wt%310rpm3mL/s1.5mL/s1.50091.23wt%The calibration curve was drawn with the expectation that the relationship between the acetic acid concentration and the reactive index would be linear. The RI measurements of the 0% acetic acid solution (pure benzene) and 2 wt% acetic acid solution measured earlier were used.In the graph, the x-axis represents the mass concentration of acetic acid, the y-axis represents the refractive index. The relationship between concentration and RI is RI= =-0.0013x* (concentration of acetic acid)+1.5025. To obtain concentration when knowing the RI of the solution, the following equation is used.3) concentration of heavier solutionIn order to measure the concentration of the heavier solution, titration was used with 1M NaOH solution. A small amount of phenolphthalein solution was ade in a molar ratio of 1:1, the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used is the same as the number of moles of acetic acid in the heavier liquid.As the V_NaOH value, the average value for the three experimental values will be used.=4. Discussion1) Concentration changes to the change of flow rateThrough the conditions ① and ②, the stroke is equal to 60 rpm, and the flow rate of the light liquid is the same as 1.5 mL/s, and only the flow rate of the heavier liquid is doubled from 1.5 mL/s to 3 mL/s. The mass concentrations of the heavier liquid and the light liquid for the change in the flow rate of the heavier liquid are compared in a graph as follows. (x-axis: the flow rate of the heavier liquid, y-axis: acetic acid concentration)If the flow rate of the heavier liquid increases, it can be assumed that the contact between the heavier liquid and the lighter liquid increases at the same time, and thus the extraction from the lighter liquid to the heavier liquid of the acetic acid increasestic acids from the lighter liquid to the heavier liquid is expected to become more active. Accordingly, it can be predicted that an increase in stroke leads to a decrease in the concentration of the lighter liquid and an increase in the concentration of the heavier liquid. However, as the result of the experiment, the concentration of the lighter liquid decreased with the increase of stroke, while the concentration of the heavier liquid increased, indicating that there was an error in the experiment. In fact, when the experiment was conducted in condition 3, the heavier liquid was insufficient, so there would have been an error due to the lack of contact between the two liquids.3) Distribution Coefficientmeans the concentration of solute (acetic acid) dissolve in water, and means the concentration of solute (acetic acid) dissolve in benzene. In experiments, benzene is lighter liquid, and water is heavier liquid.Conditions①1.31wt%1.46wt%②0.46wt%1.72wt%③1.23wt%1.79wt%Smaller diffusion coment was over. Due to the lack of solution, the heavy and light liquids would not have been able to come into contact properly, which causes extraction not to occur properly. Therefore, an error occurred in which the extraction decreased even though the stroke increased. The concentration of the heavier liquid was calculated through Titration, but the result value may not be accurate because the neutralization point was distinguished with the naked eye. We titrated three times with the same solution and the average value was used for calculation to reduce errors. In addition, it is difficult to accurately grasp the tendency because there are only two data each for a change in flow rate and a change in stroke, and the experiment was only conducted once. If the same experiment is conducted several times and the experiment is conducted with more changes in conditions, a more accurate experimental value can be obtained.6. SummaryIn this experiment, a liquid-liquid extraction was performed ing.

자연과학| 2024.07.13| 7페이지| 2,000원| 조회(129)

결과레포트, 화학공학실험2, 화공실, 화공실2

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화학공학실험2 화공실2 thermal conductivity 결과레포트

1. TitleThermal conductivity2. ObjectiveFurnaces or chemistry plants need insulation materials and heat protection equipment. To design equipment, heat loss needs to be calculated. Thermal conductivity is essential information for the calculations. In this experiment, will discuss how to measure thermal conductivity using a simple equipment.3. Result & Discussion1) Experiment 1Temperature (℃)Higher temperature source2*************6*************71146442438Lower temperature source15Diameter = 40mmthermal conductivity of aThermal conductivity of bThermal conductivity of unknown test pieceDiagram of temperature gradient1) Experiment 2Temperature (℃)Higher temperature source2*************41*************810589491138Lower temperature source15Diameter = 40mmthermal conductivity of aThermal conductivity of bThermal conductivity of unknown test pieceDiagram of temperature gradientIn both experiments, the temperature dropped sharply at the position where the test piece was inserted. In addition, a test piece thicker than T6-T7 was inserted into T4-T5 (4mm> 2mm), and the heat conduction was inversely proportional to the thickness by , so the temperature of T4-T5 decreased more.Theoretical thermal conductivity41W/(m∙K)Aluminum237SUS #30416.2As can be seen from the theoretical thermal conductivity and in the above graph, it may be seen that the thermal conductivity of aluminum is higher than that of SUS #304. As a result of calculating the thermal conductivity of the two test pieces based on the experimental results, the thermal conductivity of the first test piece is 7.40W/(m∙K), and the thermal conductivity of the second test piece is 12.41W/(m∙K). Since the thermal conductivity of the second test piece is higher, it may be seen that the first test piece is SUS #304, and the second test piece is aluminum.Thermal conductivity(experimental)SUS #304 (1st test piece) = 7.40 W/(m∙K)Aluminum (2nd test piece) = 12.41 W/(m∙K)ErrorSUS #304 (1st test piece) =Aluminum (2nd test piece) =Discuss the situation when the experiment is performed at different temperatures 100 ℃, 200 ℃ and 300 ℃.The thermal conductivity varies with temperature, and according to the graph above, as the temperature increases, the thermal conductivity of SUS #304 increases and the thermal conductivity of aluminum decreases. This experiment was conducted at 200°C. If the experiment was conducted at a lower temperature, the thermal conductivity of aluminum would have been measured larger and the thermal conductivity of SUS #304 would have been measured smaller and the thermal conductivity of SUS #304 would have been measured larger if it was conducted at a higher temperature. You can also use it as a reference when distinguishing between the two metals by observing these increases and decreases.4. Factors of errorAfter raising the high temperature source to 200°C, measure the temperature at 10 points and wait until the temperature is constant, and then measure the temperature when the temperature was not completely constant, even if we should wait until the temperature is constant. When the temperature is constant, it means that the steady state has been reached, and heat conduction is completely achieved with the metal. Since the temperature was measured without reaching the steady state, the thermal conductivity was measured lower and the error rate may have been high. In addition, test pieces must be inserted and the devices must be aligned in a line, but conduction may not have been uniform because they were not aligned in a line. In addition, silicone was applied to the test piece and put it on the standard cylinder. It may have affected heat conduction because it may not have been applied uniformly because silicone was applied by hand, and it may not have been applied properly. Also, the device was wrapped with a Teflon cover to prevent heat loss to the outside, which would not have been completely insulated and heat loss would have occurred. Because the calculation was performed assuming an insulation state, an error may have occurred due to heat loss.5. ReferenceChemical Engineering Laboratory II. (2022). Sungkyunkwan University School of Chemical Engineering.Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Kevin D. Dahm and Donald P. Visco, Jr.Physical chemistry: Quanta, Matter, and Change, Peter Atkins

자연과학| 2024.07.13| 7페이지| 2,000원| 조회(140)

결과레포트, 화학공학실험2, 화공실, 화공실2

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화학공학실험2 화공실2 gas absorption 결과레포트

1. Title: Gas Absorption2. ObjectiveThe objective is to characterize the performance of a packed-bed absorption column, and to understand the principle of gas absorption. In addition, we can calculate the overall mass transfer coefficient, number of transfer unit and height of transfer unit.3. ResultTime1st(ml)2nd(ml)3rd(ml)Average(ml)Top Temp.BottomTemp.VB15 min83957283.316 ℃16 ℃25 min112114100108.617 ℃18 ℃35 min115121125120.318 ℃18 ℃Above data is volume of 0.01M NaOH solution used in neutralize Co2 solution. Because titration accuracy is low, each solution was titrated three times, and use average data to increase accuracy of experiment.We can calculate the concentration of carbon dioxide using data of volume of NaOH used in neutralize carbon dioxide. The chemical equation of carbon dioxide and NaOH is , carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide react 1:1. Therefore, it can be seen that the amount of sodium hydroxide used in the titration is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved 4400.04140.0414Saturated top tower concentration0.04400.04260.0414Height of packed tower1.41.41.4Molar flux of water1730.381730.381730.38Number of transfer unit0.4760.685Height of transfer unit2.94m2.04m1.73Overall mass coefficient588.56848.221000.22Bottom tower concentrationIt is equal to the result of experiment, concentration of dissolved CO2.Top tower concentrationAssume there is no adsorption at top, so we fix this value as 0.Saturated bottom tower concentrationWe can calculate saturation concentration through the solubility using the table below. This table shows how much gas is dissolved in the liquid, and how many g of CO2 gas can be dissolved in 100 g of water. The solubility of gas in water is inversely proportional to temperature. The molecular weight of CO2 is 44.01g/mol and assume the density of H2O is 1000kg/ m3.15minThe bottom temperature is 16 ℃, and the solubility of CO2 at 16 ℃ is 0.193710079 g-CO2/100g-H2O.25minThe bottom temperature is 18 ℃, and the solubility of CO00g-H2O.25minThe top temperature is 17 ℃, and the solubility of CO2 at 16 ℃ is 0.187889325g-CO2/100g-H2O.35inThe bottom temperature is 18 ℃, and the solubility of CO2 at 16 ℃ is 0.182327222 g-CO2/100g-H2O.Height of packed towerThe height of packed tower used in the experiment is 1400mm = 1.4m.Molar flux of waterFlux = flow rate / area and, to calculate molar flux, divide flux with molar mass and multiply the density to match the unit, .The set water flow rate is 2L/min, the density of water is 1000 , the molar mass of water is 18.02kg/kgmol. Radius of column is given as 0.035m, so the area of column is = 3.85*.Number of transfer unitThe equation of number of transfer unit is already explained in pre report. The equation is as follows:15min25min35minNTU is difficulty of separation, and it means required column number in column. As time increases, NTU value increases together. It can be seen that the longer the reaction, making separation difficult. If the experiment is maintained for a s decreasing.Overall mass coefficientAccording to the pre report, the equation of mass coefficient () is as follows:15min25min35minDiscuss the dependence of overall mass-transfer coefficient regarding the change of solubility of gas in the specific liquid.According to the equation of overall mass-transfer coefficient, mass transfer coefficient is proportional to NTU and molar flux of water, and inversely proportional to the height of the packed tower. The solubility of gas affects NTU value. Increase of the solubility means the increase of saturated concentration, therefore, NTU will increase. If the solubility is high, the rate at which CO2 is absorbed by the water is faster. That is, since the solubility of the gas is higher at a lower temperature, the absorption of CO2 is more advantageous at a lower temperature.5. Factors of errorsThe concentration of CO2 was determined using titration, but it is not accurate because it is necessary to determine the point where the color of the sollas were derived after assuming that the operating line and the equilibrium curve were parallel, but since the two lines are not parallel, there may be an error in the calculation value resulting from this difference. In addition, top tower concentration was assumed to be 0, but in reality, the concentration changes over time, so a more accurate value of this concentration will be required to be calculated.6. SummaryThe experiment was conducted to understand the system of the packaged absorption column. The absorption column absorbs and separates CO2 using physical absorption and follows a double-film theory. The CO2 concentration in the bottom part of the reactor over time was measured through titration with NaOH, and values such as saturated concentration according to temperature and molar flux were calculated through the derived equation. In addition, variables used in the absorption tower, overall mass transfer coefficient, number of transfer unit and height of transfer unit were c.

자연과학| 2024.07.13| 7페이지| 2,000원| 조회(92)

결과레포트, 화학공학실험2, 화공실, 화공실2

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