접촉주의 병원성 감염균 조사 레포트

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1. MRSA(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

메티실린내성황색포도알균(MRSA; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)은 메티실린(Oxacilline) 및 그 밖의 베타락탐계 항생제에 내성을 나타내는 황색포도알균으로 인한 감염증이다. 포도알균은 사람의 피부나 구강인 후 점막 등에 정상적으로 존재하는 균이나 침습적인 시술이나 수술 등을 통해 감염을 유발할 수 있다.
2. VRE(Vancomycin-resistant enterococci)

반코마이신내성장알균(VRE; Vancomycin-resistant enterococci)으로 반코마이신을 포함한 Glycopeptide 항생제에 내성을 보이는 장알균으로 인한 감염증이다. 장알균은 위장관과 비뇨생식계에 상존하는 정상 상재균으로 건강한 정상인에서 감염을 일으키지 않으나 노인, 면역저하 환자, 만성 기저질환자 또는 병원에 입원중인 환자에서 침습적인 시술이나 수술 등을 통해 감염을 유발할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다.
3. CRE(Composite Reinforcement Material)

카바페넴계 항생제에 내성을 나타내는 장내세균속균종이다. 전 세계적으로 증가하는 추세이며, 감염 경로는 CRE 감염증 환자 또는 병원체보유자와의 접촉, 오염된 기구나 물품 및 환경표면 등을 통해 전파 가능하다. 장내세균속균종은 장관 내에 정상적으로 존재하며, 인공호흡장치, 중심정맥관, 도뇨관을 사용하고 있거나, 외과적 상처가 있는 중환자는 감염위험이 높다.
4. Rotavirus

로타바이러스 감염은 전 세계적으로 발생하며 전염력이 높다. 로타바이러스는 감염자의 위장관과 분변에 존재하며, 직접적인 접촉이나 오염된 비생체 접촉 매개물을 통한 분변?경구 경로로 전염된다. 이에 반해 오염된 물이나 음식을 통해 전염되는 경우는 매우 드물다. 로타바이러스는 영아 및 유아에서 높은 유행률을 보이며, 설사가 시작되기 전인 감염 후 2일부터 높은 농도의 바이러스가 분변을 통해 배출되며 증상이 나타난 후 10일까지 지속적으로 배출된다.
5. Hepatitis A virus

HAV가 간세포에서 증식하면 바이러스는 담즙을 통해 분비되어 대변으로 배출되는데, 급성 A형 간염 환자에서 증상이 나타나기 이전에 이미 대변을 통해 상당히 많은 바이러스가 배출되어 물이나 음식 등을 오염시키고 이를 통해 다른 사람을 감염시키게 된다. 긴밀한 접촉, 오염식품, 오염수 등에 의해 감염되며, 개인위생 관리가 중요하다.
6. shigella

급성 염증성 장염을 일으키는 균이다. 세균으로도 감염될 수 있어 환자나 병원체 보유자와 직?간접적인 접촉에 의한 감염도 가능 적은 수의 균주로도 감염이 발생하기 때문에 급성기 동안에 접촉주의지침을 준수하여 입원 또는 자가격리를 시행한다.

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1. MRSA(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

MRSA is a serious public health concern as it is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that has developed resistance to many common antibiotics, including methicillin. This makes MRSA infections much more difficult to treat and can lead to severe complications, including sepsis and even death. MRSA is particularly problematic in healthcare settings, where it can spread rapidly among vulnerable patients. Effective infection control measures, such as proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, and strict adherence to disinfection protocols, are crucial to preventing the spread of MRSA. Additionally, the development of new antibiotics and alternative treatment approaches is essential to combat this growing threat. Continued research and vigilance are needed to address the challenge of MRSA and protect public health.
2. VRE(Vancomycin-resistant enterococci)

VRE, or Vancomycin-resistant enterococci, is another significant public health concern. Enterococci are bacteria that are naturally present in the human gut, but some strains have developed resistance to the antibiotic vancomycin, which is often used as a last resort for treating severe bacterial infections. VRE infections can be particularly problematic in healthcare settings, where they can spread rapidly among vulnerable patients. Like MRSA, effective infection control measures are crucial to preventing the spread of VRE. Additionally, the development of new antibiotics and alternative treatment approaches is essential to address this growing threat. Continued research and vigilance are needed to better understand the mechanisms of VRE resistance and develop effective strategies to combat this challenge.
3. CRE(Composite Reinforcement Material)

CRE, or Composite Reinforcement Material, is a type of material that is used to strengthen and reinforce various structures, such as buildings, bridges, and vehicles. CRE is composed of a combination of materials, typically including fibers, resins, and other additives, that work together to provide enhanced strength, durability, and weight-saving properties compared to traditional materials. The use of CRE has become increasingly important in various industries, as it allows for the construction of more resilient and efficient structures. However, the development and application of CRE require careful consideration of factors such as material compatibility, manufacturing processes, and long-term performance. Ongoing research and innovation in the field of CRE are crucial to continue advancing the capabilities and applications of this important material.
4. Rotavirus

Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that is a leading cause of severe diarrhea and dehydration, particularly in young children. Rotavirus infections can be especially problematic in developing countries, where access to proper medical care and hydration treatments may be limited. Effective prevention and treatment strategies are essential to address the global burden of rotavirus. This includes the development and widespread distribution of safe and effective rotavirus vaccines, as well as the promotion of good hygiene practices, such as handwashing, to limit the spread of the virus. Continued research and public health efforts are needed to further understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of rotavirus, and to develop more comprehensive strategies to protect vulnerable populations from this significant public health challenge.
5. Hepatitis A virus

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a highly contagious liver infection that is primarily transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. While hepatitis A is generally a self-limiting illness, it can still cause significant morbidity and, in rare cases, mortality, particularly in older adults or individuals with underlying health conditions. Effective prevention strategies, such as vaccination and proper sanitation and hygiene practices, are crucial to reducing the burden of hepatitis A. Additionally, timely diagnosis and appropriate medical management are important to ensure the best possible outcomes for those infected. Ongoing research and public health initiatives are needed to further understand the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of HAV, and to develop more comprehensive strategies to protect vulnerable populations and eliminate this preventable disease.
6. shigella

Shigella is a genus of bacteria that can cause a severe and highly contagious form of diarrhea known as shigellosis. Shigella infections can be particularly problematic in developing countries, where access to clean water and proper sanitation may be limited. Effective prevention and control measures are essential to address the global burden of shigellosis. This includes the promotion of good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and proper food preparation, as well as the development and distribution of safe and effective vaccines. Continued research is also needed to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Shigella, and to develop more comprehensive strategies to protect vulnerable populations from this significant public health challenge. Addressing the issue of shigellosis requires a multifaceted approach that combines public health interventions, medical care, and ongoing scientific investigation.

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