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[영어학개론] History of English

History of EnglishEnglish belongs to Indo-European family which some linguists call Arian or Indo-Germanic. Indo-European family is divided into centum language family and satem language family. Centum is Latin and Satem is Avestan(=Old Persian) and both mean hundred. The original aspect of hundred was kmtom before divided. After that, centum and satem gave birth to various offspring. Centum gave birth to German. German was divided into Northern, Southern and West German. West German was divided into High and Low. Low German gave birth to English, in the last long run.This English was brought to England by Anglo-Saxon race around 5 century. The story of Anglo-Saxon's invasion into England can be presumed by some documents such as [Historia Ecclesiastica], [Gentis Anglorum] by Bede around 730 year and [The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle] by Alfred the Great which collected or wrote tales which was inherited orally and old documents. That time to 1100 year is called Old English. Old English went through storm-like change. Old English is like foreign language and the mother of Modern English is Middle Aged English.Old English is synthetic language with inflectional language. But Modern English has become analytic language which lost inflection. Old English vocabulary was affected by Celt race which was native in England, by Latin and Viking who invaded England from Northern Europe. England was under Pax Romana and changed into Christianity around 700. Many scholars and writers contributed to the development of Old English on the background of Christianity such as Theodore, Aldhelm, Benedict Bischop and Bede etc.. Viking brought Northern Scandinavian words.Old English is divided into four dialects such as Kentish, West Saxon, Mercian and Northumbrian. Other dialects can be guessed to have existed but there is no document to prove. Of those dialects, only west Saxon documents have been inherited.Through Norman Conquest(1066) English open the door of Middle Aged English(1100-1450). Norman power ruled England in various fields such as political, social and cultural. In contrast to the aspect that Ruling class used French, English was chiefly used by common people. But from 13C English people felt self-consciousness of English. Middle English was bloomed by many competent people such as Chaucer, Langland, Wycliff and Caxton, etc.. Through Middle English period English became analytic. One character of analytic means leveling of inflections. Vocabulary became abundant by receiving French and Latin was carried through Renaissance Period(14c-17c). Caxton(1422-1491) made printing house. The effort of Caxton made the basis of modern English's orthography. Modern English is divided into Early(1500-1700) and Late(1700-now). In 1700s English spelling became current type.16C English reflected free spirit of the age. William Shakespeare's English is the best example. His English is great Elizabethan English. Shakespeare lent and invented a great plenty of vocabulary and tried conversion of word class. He changed meanings of words also. Shakespeare laughed at pedantic people in his works. William Tyndale(1492-1536) started to translate Greek bible into English. After him, lots of version were translated. And [Authorized version of the Bible(1611)] can be called their completion. As Shakespeare can be called 'the height of English poem', this [Authorized Version] can be called 'treasure box of English prose'. English grammar appeared in late 16C and English dictionary in early 17C. From 18C grammar book and dictionary were able to control English. There were [An Universal Etymological English dictionary (1721)] by Nathaniel and [A Dictionary of the English Language (1755)] by Samuel Johnson. In late 18C English was starting to be united by educated people. The victory of Middle Class gave birth to 'standard English'.From 18C to early 20C, England stretched its power all over the world. And after the 2nd World War America started to show off its power around the world. Therefore the importance of English has become hard to deny. It is being used as first language in many countries and as the international language, also. The virtue of English is ease compared with other language but the difference between sound and spelling is weakpoint of it.*reference;1. [영어사] by Otto Jespersen, translated by 조두상, published by 신아사, 1993.2. [영어발달사] by 조성식, published by 한국문화사. 1997.3. [영어사] by 김인숙, 김석산. 방송대 출판사, 1992.

인문/어학| 2004.05.02| 2페이지| 1,000원| 조회(442)

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