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[유기실2 A+] Acetanilide to p-Nitroaniline 프리랩+랩레포트 세트

"[유기실2 A+] Acetanilide to p-Nitroaniline"에 대한 내용입니다.
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최초등록일 2023.05.19 최종저작일 2022.11
유기실2 유기화학실험 A+ 프리랩
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[유기실2 A+] Acetanilide to p-Nitroaniline 프리랩+랩레포트 세트
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    소개

    "[유기실2 A+] Acetanilide to p-Nitroaniline"에 대한 내용입니다.

    목차

    1. Objectives
    2. Principles & Methods
    3. Results
    4. Discussion
    5. Reference

    본문내용

    (A) Nitration of Acetanilide
    ① 50mL r.b.f에 Acetanilide 1.00g (7.40mmol), conc.sulfuric acid 2.50mL, stirring bar를 넣는다.
    ② ①의 r.b.f에 drying tube를 꽂고 heating mantle에 넣어 40℃ 정도에서 가열한다. 이후 heating mantle을 제거하고 ice bath에서 stirring하며 식혀준다. (반응 중간에 식히는 이유 : 열을 제거해서 정반응을 유리하게 만들기 위함이다. 이 반응은 발열반응이므로 생성물 중 일부인 열을 제거하면 정반응이 유리해진다.)
    ③ NO2+ 형성 반응
    conc.sulfuric acid. 0.55mL (10.3mmol)과 nitric acid 0.47mL (7.33mmol, 70%, d=1.40)를 vial에 넣어 pipet으로 조심스럽게 섞은 후 ice bath에서 냉각시킨다.
    ④ ③의 vial 속 용액을 3분 간격으로 1/4씩 pipet을 이용하여 ②의 flask에 넣는다.
    ⑤ Ice bath에서 꺼낸 후, 상온에서 20분간 stirring한다.

    참고자료

    · Landgrebe, John A. ,Theory and practice in the organic laboratory, 5th ed, 423-425

  • AI와 토픽 톺아보기

    • 1. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
      Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry that involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring with an electrophilic species. This reaction is widely used in the synthesis of various aromatic compounds and plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. The mechanism of this reaction involves the initial formation of a sigma complex, also known as the Wheland intermediate, which is then deprotonated to yield the substituted aromatic product. The regioselectivity of the reaction is governed by factors such as the nature of the electrophile, the substituents on the aromatic ring, and the stability of the intermediate. Understanding the principles of electrophilic aromatic substitution is essential for designing efficient synthetic routes and predicting the outcome of these reactions.
    • 2. Polarity Comparison
      Polarity comparison is an important concept in organic chemistry that helps understand the behavior and reactivity of molecules. The polarity of a molecule is determined by the distribution of electrons within the molecule, which is influenced by the electronegativity differences between the atoms and the geometry of the molecule. Comparing the polarity of different functional groups or molecules is crucial for predicting their solubility, reactivity, and intermolecular interactions. This knowledge is particularly useful in areas such as organic synthesis, biochemistry, and materials science, where the understanding of polarity can guide the design of new compounds, the selection of appropriate solvents, and the prediction of molecular interactions. Mastering the principles of polarity comparison is a valuable skill for students and researchers in the field of organic chemistry.
    • 3. Amide Hydrolysis
      Amide hydrolysis is a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry and biochemistry, where an amide bond is cleaved by the addition of water, resulting in the formation of a carboxylic acid and an amine. This reaction is of great importance in various fields, including peptide and protein chemistry, as it is involved in the breakdown and digestion of proteins. The mechanism of amide hydrolysis can proceed through either an acid-catalyzed or a base-catalyzed pathway, depending on the reaction conditions. Understanding the factors that influence the rate and selectivity of amide hydrolysis, such as the nature of the substituents, the pH of the medium, and the presence of catalysts, is crucial for designing efficient synthetic routes and for studying biological processes involving protein degradation. Mastering the principles of amide hydrolysis is a valuable skill for students and researchers in organic and biochemistry.
    • 4. Regioselectivity and Reaction Rate
      Regioselectivity and reaction rate are two important concepts in organic chemistry that are closely related. Regioselectivity refers to the preference of a reaction to occur at a specific position on a molecule, while reaction rate describes the speed at which a reaction takes place. Understanding the factors that influence regioselectivity and reaction rate is crucial for predicting the outcome of organic reactions and designing efficient synthetic routes. Factors such as the nature of the reactants, the presence of substituents, the reaction conditions (temperature, solvent, etc.), and the mechanism of the reaction can all affect the regioselectivity and reaction rate. Mastering these concepts is essential for students and researchers in organic chemistry, as it allows them to anticipate the products of a reaction, optimize reaction conditions, and develop new synthetic methodologies.
    • 5. Electron Donating Groups (EDG)
      Electron donating groups (EDGs) are functional groups in organic molecules that have the ability to donate electrons to the surrounding atoms or groups. These groups can have a significant impact on the reactivity and properties of organic compounds, as they can influence the distribution of electron density within the molecule. EDGs are particularly important in aromatic substitution reactions, where they can enhance the reactivity of the aromatic ring and direct the substitution to specific positions. Understanding the effects of EDGs on reaction outcomes is crucial for designing efficient synthetic routes and predicting the behavior of organic molecules. Additionally, the presence of EDGs can affect the physical and chemical properties of compounds, such as their acidity, basicity, and solubility. Mastering the principles of EDGs is a valuable skill for students and researchers in organic chemistry, as it allows them to better understand and manipulate the reactivity and properties of organic compounds.
    • 6. Reaction Yield
      Reaction yield is a crucial concept in organic chemistry, as it represents the efficiency of a chemical transformation. Reaction yield is defined as the amount of desired product obtained from a reaction, expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum amount that could be produced. Understanding and optimizing reaction yield is essential for the development of efficient synthetic routes, as it directly impacts the cost, scalability, and sustainability of chemical processes. Factors that can influence reaction yield include the nature of the reactants, the reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, solvent, etc.), the presence of side reactions, and the ease of product isolation and purification. Mastering the principles of reaction yield is a valuable skill for students and researchers in organic chemistry, as it allows them to design and execute reactions that maximize the production of the desired product, minimize waste, and improve the overall efficiency of their work.
    • 7. Melting Point
      Melting point is a fundamental physical property of organic compounds that is widely used in organic chemistry. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of the substance coexist in equilibrium. Understanding and predicting the melting point of organic compounds is important for various applications, such as the characterization of unknown substances, the purification of reaction products, and the design of new materials. Factors that influence the melting point of organic compounds include the strength of intermolecular forces, the molecular structure, and the presence of functional groups. Mastering the principles of melting point is a valuable skill for students and researchers in organic chemistry, as it allows them to better understand the physical properties of organic compounds, predict their behavior, and design new molecules with desired melting point characteristics.

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      친전자성 방향족 치환 반응과 아마이드 가수분해 반응을 통해 p-nitroaniline을 합성하고 그 특성을 분석한 실험 보고서입니다.

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