반값등록금 정책분석

소개

정책학개론 수업에서 반값등록금 정책 사례분석을 한 보고서입니다. A학점 받았습니다.

목차

1. 서론 ······································································································································ 4
1) 분석 대상: 박근혜 후보의 반값 등록금 정책 ···················································· 4
2) 분석 방법 ····················································································································· 4

2. 박근혜 후보의 등록금 정책 ······················································································ 5
2.1 정책내용 ····················································································································· 5
1)맞춤형 등록금 제도 ······································································································· 5
2)학자금 대출 금리 인하 ································································································· 5
3)기타 ···································································································································· 6

2.2 핵심가치 ······················································································································· 6
1)정책 자체의 형평성 ······································································································· 6
2)정책 대상자의 형평성 ·································································································· 7

3. 정책 문제 Frame ·············································································································· 8
3.1 반값 등록금 정책의 프레임 방식 ······································································ 8
1)일반적인 프레임 ············································································································· 8

2)구체적인 틀 짓기 ·········································································································· 8
①Symbols ··························································································································· 8
②Metaphor ························································································································· 8
③Synecdoche ····················································································································· 9
④Number ···························································································································· 9

3.2 박근혜 후보 정책의 프레임 ················································································· 9
1)정책 대상자 ····················································································································· 9
①대학생 ······························································································································ 9
②학부모(소득이 적거나 등록금 지원이 없는 경우) ······················································ 9

2)정책 표현 방식 ··············································································································· 9
①교육정책 ·························································································································· 10
②중산층 재건 10프로젝트 ······························································································· 10

4. 수혜자-부담자, B/C 분석 ······························································································ 10
4.1 등록금 정책의 수혜자 ···························································································· 10
1)대학생 ································································································································ 10
2)대학생 자녀를 둔 학부모 ····························································································· 11
3)대학 ····································································································································· 11
4)학자금 지원 기업․단체 ·································································································· 11

4.2 등록금 정책의 부담자 ···························································································· 11
1)일반 납세자 ····················································································································· 11
2)대학에 진학하지 않는 학생들 ···················································································· 11
3)국가 ···································································································································· 11
4)대학 ···································································································································· 12

4.3 등록금 정책에 따른 편익-비용(B-C) 분석 ···················································· 12
1)편익 측면 ·························································································································· 12
①실질적인 등록금 부담 완화 ···························································································· 12
②국가 경제 성장과 경쟁력 확보 ······················································································ 12
③대학재정 투명화 ··············································································································· 12
④대학 간 경쟁력 향상 ······································································································· 12
⑤졸업 후 기대소득 증대 ··································································································· 12

2)비용 측면 ·························································································································· 12
①재원마련의 문제 ··············································································································· 12
②소득재분배와 수익자부담 원칙의 측면에서의 문제 ···················································· 13
③학력 인플레 문제 ············································································································· 13
④청년실업과 대졸실업의 심화 문제 ················································································· 13
⑤부실대학 구조조정 지연 ·································································································· 13
⑥재원배분의 우선순위 문제 ······························································································ 13

5. 현장조사 ······························································································································· 14
1)등록금 현황 및 충당경로 ······························································································ 14

2)장학제도에 대한 평가 ···································································································· 15
①현행 장학제도 평가 ·········································································································· 15
②박근혜 후보의 정책 평가 ································································································ 16

6. 결론 ········································································································································ 17

본문내용

현재 한국 사회는 대학진학률이 80%에 이르며 고등교육에 대한 수요와 공급이 지속적으로 확대되고 있다. 이러한 상황에 더불어 2011년 기준 사립대의 평균 등록금은 768만원으로 한 분기 가계 평균 소득의 16%에 달하며, 등록금 조달을 위한 학자금 대출액은 약 3조원에 이르며 구직자의 절반 가까이가 이러한 빚을 갚고 있는 실태를 보인다. 따라서 대학 등록금은 사회적으로 민감한 문제가 아닐 수 없으며 등록금 인하에 대한 논의는 범국민적 관심사라 할 수 있다. 실제로 이러한 국민적 관심사는 지난 2011년 야권의 `반값 등록금` 추진에 대한 대대적인 언급으로 사회적 이슈로 재조명된 바 있다.

<중 략>

2)대학에 진학하지 않는 학생들
등록금 정책의 경우 대학진학률이 80%에 육박하여 대부분의 학생들이 대학에 진학한다는 전제하에 이루어지는 정책이다. 때문에 상업고등학교나 공업고등학교등과 같이 대부분의 학생들이 졸업 후 취업전선에 뛰어드는 경우 일찍 취직해 발생하는 기회비용이 증가할 수 있다. 이는 형평성을 추구하는 정책이 오히려 형평성에 문제를 유발하는 것으로 반값 등록금 정책이 대학진학을 종용하여 전문화 고등학교의 존립을 위태하게 할 수 있는 부작용을 낳을 우려가 있다.

<중 략>

이렇듯 명시적인 화폐적 가치만으로 실효성을 따지기엔 예상되는 문제점들이 다양하다. 특히 실효성 여부 자체가 정치적 결정이 되어 객관성을 상실할 수가 있지만, 다른 측면에서는 비록 비용이 더 크더라도 형평성이라는 가치 차원에서 정책 시행이 바람직하다고 할 수도 있다. 즉, 박근혜 후보의 반값 등록금 정책은 현재 시행되고 있는 장학금 제도를 보완하여 표면적으론 등록금 경감이라는 목적을 이룰 수 있는 실효성을 지니고 있다. 그러나 정책 시행에 따라 나타날 수 있는 무형적, 혹은 간접적인 문제들까지 고려한다면 단순히 등록금을 경감하여 형평성을 달성할 수 있는 효과적인 정책이라고 보기는 어렵다.

참고자료

· 조하현, 반값 등록금과 무상시리즈에 대한 진단과 해결안, KERI(한국경제연구원) 칼럼, 2012. 01. 13
· 유진성, 반값 등록금의 문제점과 시사점, KERI(한국경제연구원) 브리프, 2011. 06. 28
· 안종석, 반값등록금 논의와 정책방향, KIPF(한국조세연구원) [조세·재정브리프], 2011. 06. 01