17세기~18세기 전반 어영청 재정의 운영과 변화 (The Study and analysis on the management and change for 'Eoyeongcheong' from the Financial perspective between the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국방부군사편찬연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 군사 / 101호 / 333 ~ 364페이지
· 저자명 : 송기중

초록

어영청은 오군영의 하나로 국왕의 숙위, 능행, 도성방위 등의 업무를 수행하는 군문이었다. 지금까지 어영청의 운영에 대해서는 정치적인 변화 속에서 해석하거나 어영청의 운영방식을 살펴보는 데 집중하였다. 하지만 군문의 운영에 핵심이 되는 재정 문제에 대해서는 부분적으로 언급되어 왔다. 이에 본 논문에서는 재정 문제에 집중해보고자 한다. 어영청 재정은 설립 초기 호조에 의지하여 왔다. 하지만 이는 군문의 규모가 커지자 이러한 재정 확보 방식은 문제가 생길 수밖에 없었다. 이에 따라 효종 연간 조정에서는 군문의 규모를 키우는 한편 재원 확보 방안도 마련해 주었다. 이러한 어영청의 운영상황은 어영청구식례에 의해 정리되었다. 이 자료에 따르면 어영청의 수입은 보인수입과 둔전수입 등 두 가지로 나뉜다. 이에 대한 지출은 향군과 장인의 급료, 상격 명목으로 행해졌다. 이후 어영청은 보인 수의 증가 상번하는 향군의 축소 등으로 재정이 넉넉해 졌다. 이로 인해 조정에서는 어영청 재정을 다른 관청의 재정으로 이용하거나 양역사정을 통해 재원을 감축하고 군을 내실화하는 조치를 취하였다.

영어초록

Eoyeongcheong was one of the five military components, which carried out special duties such as king’s guard, royal guard of king’s honored going at a royal tomb, and defense of a castle of the royal town, etc. Up to now, the existing researches have put their focus on interpretation of Eoyeongcheong management in the midst of political changes, or have a focused look at the management method of Eoyeongcheong. However, the existing researches have partially commented on the financial problem which was a core of a military camp. Hereupon, this paper is intending to put its focus on the financial matter of Eoyeongcheong. The finance of Eoyeongcheong initially relied on Hojo(as one of the six ministries which was called 'Yukjo', it was in charge of household survey & control, tribute and taxes, food, goods, and economy.). However, with the size of military camps becoming bigger, the burden of Hojo was increasing. Accordingly, during the ruling of King Hyojong, the finance of Eoyeongcheong was secured as it was equipped with annual size level of military camps. Such a management situation of Eoyeongcheong was arranged by Eoyeongcheong gusikrye(a book about the foundation history of Eoyeongcheong, and Eoyeongcheong-related various regulations and present conditions, etc.). According to these materials, revenues of Eoyeongcheong were divided into the ones from Boin(an economic supporter affiliated with regular military service), and the ones from Dunjeon(land appropriated for military provisions). In addition, the expenditures of Eoyeongcheong were executed on the use of wages for Hyanggun(local military soldiers)and officers and upward level, and rewards for meritorious persons. Afterwards, the finance of Eoyeongcheong became sufficient on the strength of the increase in the number of Boin, and reduction in local military soldiers who were dispatched to Seoul by the work shift system, etc. Consequently, the government expended the fiance of Eoyeongcheong for another financial use, and reduced the financial resources through public labor assessment as well as took measures to seek substantiality of the military forces.

참고자료

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