WTO가입 전·후 중국상업은행의 효율성 비교 분석 (A Comparative Analysis of Efficiency of Chinese Commercial Banks Before and After the Entry to WTO)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국국제경영학회
· 수록지 정보 : 국제경영연구 / 18권 / 3호 / 27 ~ 52페이지
· 저자명 : 제혜금, 조대우

초록

본 연구는 비모수선형계획법인 자료포락분석(DEA)기법을 이용하여 중국의 4대 국유상업은행과 11개의 주식제상업은행을 분석대상으로 하여, WTO가입 전․후 개별은행들의 효율성 및 집단별(소유권별, 설립유형별, 상장 대 미상장은행별) 효율성을 비교․분석하였다.
WTO가입 전과 WTO가입 후를 비교할 때, 중국상업은행들은 순수기술효율성 비교 시, 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 규모효율성이나 기술효율성은 오히려 낮은 것으로 측정되었다. 이는 WTO가입 후 은행들의 공시조건이 강화된데 기인한 결과라고 판단된다.
중국상업은행을 국유상업은행과 주식제상업은행으로 분류하여 효율성을 비교한 결과 WTO가입 전․후에 관계없이 순수기술효율성은 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 규모 및 기술효율성은 WTO가입 후 크게 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기술효율성의 개선효과는 순수기술효율성이 아닌 규모효율성이 기여한 결과임을 나타낸다. 주식제상업은행의 설립유형에 따라 WTO가입 전․후 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나, 이는 비록 현재 모든 은행들이 소유권구조의 개혁과 외국은행들의 지분투자 및 지방은행들과의 합병 등을 통한 사회자금조달을 실시하고 있지만, 아직까지 설립유형에 따른 은행경영상의 영향을 받고 있음을 보여준다. 또한 주식제상업은행 중 상장은행과 미상장은행은 WTO가입 전에는 효율성에 차이가 없었으나, 가입 후에는 상장은행이 미상장은행보다 유의적으로 높은 효율성을 보여준다. 이는 WTO가입으로 미상장은행의 공시조건이 보다 엄격해진 결과 WTO가입 전에 부풀어진 효율성지표들이 WTO가입 후 공시지표화된데 기인한다고 판단된다.

영어초록

This paper has measured the relative efficiency of the banks by applying DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis), a non-parametric method. I have analyzed 4 Chinese state commercial banks and 11 stock commercial banks by estimating all individual banks’ efficiency according to the type of the ownership, the establishment and the listed and unlisted stock banks as well.
The result of the efficiency analysis of Chinese commercial banks before and after the entry to WTO is as following: First, except the pure technical-efficiency on the individual banking analysis, the total efficiency on the other analysis has been showed decreasing. This is because after entering into WTO, although the efficiency of joint stock commercial banks increased, the total efficiency decreased due to the serious scale inefficiency of wholly state owned commercial banks.
Second, I have compared the change of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency between state commercial banks and joint stock commercial banks. The result of analysis has proved that there is little difference between the two groups in pure technical efficiency, where as scale efficiency and technical efficiency were not different between the two before entry to WTO but remarkably differ after the entry.
Third, in order to find out if there is difference of efficiency between individual banks in the group of joint stock commercial banks, I have divided them according to the type of establishment, into joint contribution, big business contribution, cooperation with financial institution and private business and studied if there is difference in efficiency between them before and after the entry to WTO. The result is positive on the analysis according the establishment, through which the impact of the type of establishment imposing on the running of banks can be seen even if the fact of banks’ ownership reform, the investment of foreign banks, and the amalgamation of local banks.
Fourth, I have also studied to see if there is difference in efficiency between listed and unlisted stock banks before and after the entry to WTO, and the result proves that there was little difference in efficiency before the entry, but after it the efficiency of listed banks is higher than that of unlisted banks. It is attributed to the fact that after entering WTO the efficiency of listed stock banks has been improved for the reason that they have to make their published financial statements, which mean the transparency of their running, since 2003.

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