Abraham as an Example of Christian Identity: Origen, Luther, and Calvin on Genesis 22

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초록

The paper attempts to examine the exegetical history of Genesis 22, particularly written by Origen, Martin Luther, and John Calvin, and seeks to investigate important theological and hermeneutical differences produced by them. Although Jon Balserak’s study on the four major Christian views on the character of Abraham’s trial is accurate, this paper will argue that what distinguishes each commentator’s interpretations of Abraham’s narrative is not so much their distinct perceptions on the nature of the trial. Instead, by comparing the three exegetes’ interpretations of Genesis 22 side by side, this study will demonstrate that Origen, Luther, and Calvin intended to employ Abraham in the story for the purpose of setting a proper example of Christian identity according to their own theological viewpoints.
This paper contends that Origen in his homily on Genesis 22 depicts Abraham as a perfect Christian who already passed through the stages of purification, illumination, and perfection in the spiritual journey of the soul. Then it examines Luther, the sixteenth-century reformer employs Abraham in his disputations against the contemporary theological foes, such as the Anabaptists, the Sacramentarians, the Spiritualists, and the Catholics, and suggests Abraham primarily as a new Evangelical model of Christian. Lastly, this study demonstrates that Calvin’s commentary on Genesis 22 reflects his great pastoral concern for the French refugees that had rapidly emerged in the city of Geneva. By depicting Abraham as a religious and political pilgrim of the Old Testament, Calvin encourages his fellow French men and women to be steadfast in the divine providence working in human history.

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