해방과 분단 직후 일상의 변동과 새로운 범죄의 발생: 황해도·해주시 사례를 중심으로 (Daily Life Changes Producing New Crime Opportunities after the Independence and Division of Korea: Focusing on the Case of Hwang-hae Province)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동국대학교 북한학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 북한학연구 / 13권 / 2호 / 75 ~ 103페이지
· 저자명 : 박소영

초록

태평양 전쟁 시작 이후 일본의 식민정책은 ‘전시파시즘’으로 발전하여 중앙에서부터 개인에 이르기까지 ‘동원’을 목적으로 한 강력한 통제체제가 작동되었고, 개인의 일상적인 삶을 장악하였다. 따라서 1945년 8월 15일의 ‘광복’은 식민지체제를 종식시키고 ‘해방’을 가져왔지만, 한편으로는 행정과 치안 시스템을 붕괴시키고 순간의 ‘공백’을 가져온 사건이기도 했다. 또한 해방 직후 38선이 획정되고 남북에 각기 다른 정권과 체제가 정립되면서 급격한 사회변화가 진행되었다. 순간의 공백이 만든 예측 불가능한 사회에서 개인을 지탱시킬 수 있었던 것은 ‘물질적인 부’였다. 일제관료와 친일부역자를 정치적으로 단죄하는 동안 그들의 재산을 도난하거나 약탈하기도 했고, 통행이 제한된 38선을 또 하나의 기회를 삼아 개인적 이득을 취했다. 38선 이북에 주둔한 소련과 김일성의 영향으로 사회주의적 개혁이 진행되었던 북한 지역 사람들은 식민체제→해방 후 38선 획정→인민민주주의 개혁으로 숨 가쁘게 이어지는 변화에도 적응해야 했다. 새로운 사회의 규칙과 질서는 하루가 다르게 만들어졌다. 북한 주민들은 ‘식민지 피압박 백성’에서 새로운 사회를 만드는 ‘건설자’로 다시 태어나야 했다. 기대와 의무는 갑자기 높아졌고, 관습과 관행은 익숙하고 편했다. 제도와 규범이 만들어지는 시간과 개인이 적응하는 시간에는 당연히 괴리가 생겼고, 이는 북한 사회에 새로운 범죄 발생의 원인이 되었다.

영어초록

After the Pacific War began, Japan developed its colonial policy, so-called as ‘war-time fascism’, under which the strict control system was applied throughout the overall society of Joseon, under the purpose of ‘mobilizing’ every kind of resources, affecting not only the central government but also the individuals and their daily lives.
In this regard, the ‘Independence’ of Korea from Japan on August 15, 1945, made Korea finally liberated from Japan’s occupation, with its colonialism brought to an end. On the other hand, it caused the complete disappearance of the old ruling system in a moment, not only breaking down the operation of existing social systems of administration and national security of Joseon, but also resulting in a temporary power vacuum nationwide. Right after then, moreover, Korea was divided roughly in half by superpowers along the 38th Parallel, involving different social changes within two separate states set in the North by the Soviet Union, and in the South by the U.S.
It was the ‘material wealth’ that made individuals sustain themselves in such an unpredictable and unstable state of social vacuum. There were some who accumulated their personal wealth by looting and plundering the possessions of high-ranking government officials in Japanese colonial era and pro-Japanese groups, taking the opportunities of their being convicted of pro-Japanese activities, while there are others who raised their own personal gains and benefits by frequently crossing the 38th frontier with a limited passage.
In the meantime, the public in the North had to adapt to the rapidly changing social conditions moment by moment, proceeded without stopping from colonial era, through liberalization, and to the Democratic Reform after the establishment of 38th Parallel. Further, in the newly founded regime, new rules of law and order were introduced day by day, expecting the public to become so called born-again ‘builders’ with consciousness of the new society from the oppressed people by the colonial empire.
The public who were used just to following the existing customs and practices had to adjust social and time gaps between the existing cultural practices, which were familiar with them, and the newly imposed social expectations and responsibilities as a conscious social constituent, of which the importance got increasingly higher and higher since the foundation of the regime. Such gaps were pointed out as a contributory factor to a new proportion of crimes caused in the North at that time.

참고자료

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