Jesus’ Raising the Temple in John 2:13-22: Johannine High Christology

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· 발행기관 : 장로회신학대학교 기독교사상과문화연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 장신논단 / 54권 / 4호 / 7 ~ 32페이지
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초록

This study aims at analyzing Johannine high Christology implied in 2:13-22. John’s temple-centered high Christology is based upon the conflict between John’s community and the hostile Jews as well as the chaotic situation caused by the loss of the Temple. The loss of the Temple enabled many Jewish sectarians to prepare their own coping mechanism. The Qumran community expected God to raise the eschatological temple while regarding the community as an interim temple to replace the defiled Temple in Jerusalem. Paul seems to teach the similar teaching of the Qumran community that Pauline churches are the temple. However, he shows no need and intention to replace the Jerusalem Temple toward his Gentile audience. As the Q community indicates, the Jewish believers in Jesus must have sustained an antitemple attitude. Nevertheless, the explicit temple replacement theology that Christ replaced the Temple came into being in Revelation 21:22 after 70 CE. Likewise, John’s temple replacement theology needs to be understood in the light of the post-70 CE situation.
The scholarly reconstruction of the Johannine community’s history confirms that the conflict between Jesus and the Jewish authorities reflects on the tension and struggle between John’s audience and their Jewish opponents. John emphasized the replacement motif that the Jewish festivals are fulfilled and replaced by the identity of Jesus. These historical and literary backgrounds shed a new light on our passage which consists of the historical experience of Jesus (2:13-16) and the remembrance of his disciples (2:17-22). The features of the passage indicate that John’s replacement motif is extended to the interpretation of the Temple and draw a conclusion that Jesus replaced the Temple, which is also attested in Revelation 21:22. According to John’s temple replacement theology, Jesus is not only the Temple itself (τοῦ ναοῦ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ in 2:21) but also God who will raise the Temple (ἐγερῶ in 2:19). Johannine high Christology encourages John’s audience by identifying Jesus with the Temple and God Himself.

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