독일 68운동의 전주곡 ‘슈피겔 사건’ - 언론자유의 문제와 동원연습 - (The Spiegel-Affair as the Prelude of '68 Movement in West Germany - Freedom of the Press and Practice of Mobilization -)

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초록

This paper examines the so called Spiegel－Affair, one of the biggest scandals ever in West Germany, that shook the young Federal Republic in the early 1960s. It was the first time after the end of the Nazi－regime that the federal authorities had taken action against the free press. After the weekly Der Spiegel had published a critical article about the country's defense force, it was accused of treason. Policemen entered several offices of the magazine and occupied them for a month. Rodolf Augstein, founding editor, was arrested, as well as Conrad Ahlers, the writer who had published the article that had triggered the events. Ahlers's arrest on foreign ground, in Spain, was arranged by Franz Josef Strauß, then federal minister of defense. It caused great indignation because it war illegal. Due to very harsh attacks, Strauß finally resigned from office. Konrad Adenauer, the chancellor, who had publicly supported Strauß, suffered heavily. He finally formed a new cabinet without him.
The Spiegel－Affair caused not only a deep crisis of the West German government, but also protest of students throughout Germany. It is therefore regarded as a prologue of German student movement which culminated in 1968. With the first mass demonstration in the young history of the Federal Republic, the Affair can be understood as a turning point at which it became suddenly clear that the authoritarian German state had become a modern democracy. A reactionary and authoritarian period of the Federal Republic had come to an end. This article shows that the Spiegel－Affair was a Prelude of '68 Movement in West Germany. It was related to the movement by its concern with the freedom of the press, one of the students main goals. In the middle of the so－called "Anti－Springer－campaign", one of the central campaigns of the German student movement, stood a struggle for the freedom of the press. Whereas the Spiegel－Affair can be understood as a fight against the regime that attacked the free press, the campaign itself was a battle against a powerful publishing house which dominated the German press and politics.

영어초록

This paper examines the so called Spiegel－Affair, one of the biggest scandals ever in West Germany, that shook the young Federal Republic in the early 1960s. It was the first time after the end of the Nazi－regime that the federal authorities had taken action against the free press. After the weekly Der Spiegel had published a critical article about the country's defense force, it was accused of treason. Policemen entered several offices of the magazine and occupied them for a month. Rodolf Augstein, founding editor, was arrested, as well as Conrad Ahlers, the writer who had published the article that had triggered the events. Ahlers's arrest on foreign ground, in Spain, was arranged by Franz Josef Strauß, then federal minister of defense. It caused great indignation because it war illegal. Due to very harsh attacks, Strauß finally resigned from office. Konrad Adenauer, the chancellor, who had publicly supported Strauß, suffered heavily. He finally formed a new cabinet without him.
The Spiegel－Affair caused not only a deep crisis of the West German government, but also protest of students throughout Germany. It is therefore regarded as a prologue of German student movement which culminated in 1968. With the first mass demonstration in the young history of the Federal Republic, the Affair can be understood as a turning point at which it became suddenly clear that the authoritarian German state had become a modern democracy. A reactionary and authoritarian period of the Federal Republic had come to an end. This article shows that the Spiegel－Affair was a Prelude of '68 Movement in West Germany. It was related to the movement by its concern with the freedom of the press, one of the students main goals. In the middle of the so－called "Anti－Springer－campaign", one of the central campaigns of the German student movement, stood a struggle for the freedom of the press. Whereas the Spiegel－Affair can be understood as a fight against the regime that attacked the free press, the campaign itself was a battle against a powerful publishing house which dominated the German press and politics.

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