청대 불교 세계의 여행 (Journey among the Patrons and Lamas during the Qing)

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· 저자명 : 김성수

초록

This article mainly discussed about the Journey among the patrons and lamas around the inner asian world during the Qing period. There were some patrons and lamas including several Mongolian Khans, Emperors of Qing, Manchu statesmen, Dalai Lama, Panchen Lama, Jebcundampa and so on, who had traveled around the inner asia controled in the buddhism world order. In that era, Tibetan buddhism had established a solid leadership in inner asia includes Mongols, Manchu, and Tibet.
So these high positioning persons in the religious community and the politics made a network among them through journeys by themselves or by their messengers. From this network we can approach to the intellectual, political and economic activities and their connections among the temples, governments, and merchant guilds in this area.
Under this circumstances politically important high-level talks ‘Qighulghan’ usually had been comprised of Manchu or Mongolian statesmen, and Tibetan or Mongolian lamas, so through their journeys we can understand some more details, procedures of several important conferences during the Qing period. Furthermore most of journeys among them were courtesy visits, and on the conferences or their visits the manners were so important each other because these expressed their positions in the buddhism world order.
This article consists of four chapters; the first, “Heart and border in Inner Asian World during the Early Qing” describes high ranking lamas like Dalai lama behaved as a peace-maker or an effective negotiator in this area. Especially Smon lam chen mo, held in Lhasa every year, provided very important valuable meetings among patrons and lamas.
The second, “Qing Emperor as a nomadic Khan and the Tibetan Buddhism” insist that the Qing Empire was the supreme ruler in inner asia controled in the buddhism world order.
The third, “The meeting between the Fifth Dalai Lama and the Emperor Shun-zhi: Qing makes the network in the buddhism world” shows how Qing government put her first step in to the buddhism world network through the inviting the Fifth Dalai Lama.
The last, “The Sixth Panchen Lama's visiting to Beijing and Cheng-de: The Emperor Qian-long steps on the center of inner asian buddhism world ” reveals that the system of Beijing-resident lama was a very effective strategy for the formation of pro-Qing opinions in inner asian buddhism world which had been the political background of the victory against the Mongols. At his 70th birthday, Qian-long invited the Sixth Panchen Lama to Beijing and Cheng-de, the monument of victory, and proclaimed his authority as an highest patron in inner asia, also as the hub of the buddhism world order.

영어초록

This article mainly discussed about the Journey among the patrons and lamas around the inner asian world during the Qing period. There were some patrons and lamas including several Mongolian Khans, Emperors of Qing, Manchu statesmen, Dalai Lama, Panchen Lama, Jebcundampa and so on, who had traveled around the inner asia controled in the buddhism world order. In that era, Tibetan buddhism had established a solid leadership in inner asia includes Mongols, Manchu, and Tibet.
So these high positioning persons in the religious community and the politics made a network among them through journeys by themselves or by their messengers. From this network we can approach to the intellectual, political and economic activities and their connections among the temples, governments, and merchant guilds in this area.
Under this circumstances politically important high-level talks ‘Qighulghan’ usually had been comprised of Manchu or Mongolian statesmen, and Tibetan or Mongolian lamas, so through their journeys we can understand some more details, procedures of several important conferences during the Qing period. Furthermore most of journeys among them were courtesy visits, and on the conferences or their visits the manners were so important each other because these expressed their positions in the buddhism world order.
This article consists of four chapters; the first, “Heart and border in Inner Asian World during the Early Qing” describes high ranking lamas like Dalai lama behaved as a peace-maker or an effective negotiator in this area. Especially Smon lam chen mo, held in Lhasa every year, provided very important valuable meetings among patrons and lamas.
The second, “Qing Emperor as a nomadic Khan and the Tibetan Buddhism” insist that the Qing Empire was the supreme ruler in inner asia controled in the buddhism world order.
The third, “The meeting between the Fifth Dalai Lama and the Emperor Shun-zhi: Qing makes the network in the buddhism world” shows how Qing government put her first step in to the buddhism world network through the inviting the Fifth Dalai Lama.
The last, “The Sixth Panchen Lama's visiting to Beijing and Cheng-de: The Emperor Qian-long steps on the center of inner asian buddhism world ” reveals that the system of Beijing-resident lama was a very effective strategy for the formation of pro-Qing opinions in inner asian buddhism world which had been the political background of the victory against the Mongols. At his 70th birthday, Qian-long invited the Sixth Panchen Lama to Beijing and Cheng-de, the monument of victory, and proclaimed his authority as an highest patron in inner asia, also as the hub of the buddhism world order.

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