성인) 진단검사

문서 내 토픽

1. WBC(White Blood Cell)

WBC(White Blood Cell)는 4.0-11.0(× 103/㎣) 범위가 정상입니다. 감소는 혈액 질환 감염증(Influenza, typoid etc.), 악성 빈혈 등에서 나타나고, 증가는 적혈구 증가증, 탈수 등에서 나타납니다.
2. RBC(Red Blood Cell), Hb(Hemoglobin), Hct(Hematocrit), MCV(Mean corpuscular volume), MCH(Mean corpuscular Hb), RDW(Red cell Distribution width)

RBC(Red Blood Cell)는 4.2-6.3(× 103/㎣), Hb(Hemoglobin)은 12-18g/㎗, Hct(Hematocrit)은 37-55 %, MCV(Mean corpuscular volume)은 81-96fL, MCH(Mean corpuscular Hb)은 26-33pg, RDW(Red cell Distribution width)은 11.5-14.5 범위가 정상입니다. 증가는 출혈, 종양성 질환에서, 감소는 생산저하(급성 백혈병, 재생불량성 빈혈 등), 파괴 항진(ITP, DIC등), 비장기능항진증 특발성 PLT감소성 자반증 등 출혈질환에서 나타납니다.
3. Plt(Platelet)

Plt(Platelet)는 140-440(× 103/㎣) 범위가 정상입니다. 증가는 골수이상, 백혈병, 재생불량성 빈혈, 혈소판 이상, 비장 이상에서, 감소는 출혈질환에서 나타납니다.
4. Seg. Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil

Seg. Neutrophil은 40-60%, Lymphocyte는 15-44%, Monocyte는 0-10%, Eosinophil은 1-5%, Basophil은 0-1% 범위가 정상입니다. 증가는 세균성 감염(결핵, 장티푸스), 악성 종양, RA, SLE, 말라리아 등에서, 감소는 급성 염증, 스트레스 등에서 나타납니다.
5. ESR(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

ESR(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)는 -20mm/hr 범위가 정상입니다. 증가는 약물이나 음식물 allergy, 기생충감염, 피부 질환, 총창, 소화기 질환(호산구성 위염, 궤양성 대장염) 등에서, 감소는 급성 감염증, Glucocorticoid, ACTH, prostaglandin, epinephrine 등 약물투여에서 나타납니다.
6. Reticulocyte count

Reticulocyte count는 성인 0.5-2.5%, 신생아 2.0-6.0% 범위가 정상입니다. 증가는 용혈성 빈혈, 급성 실혈, 치료중인 결핍성 빈혈 환자, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia 등에서, 감소는 재생불량성 빈혈, 악성 빈혈, 골수 무형성증, 백혈병, 감염, 방사선이나 어떤 약물로 인한 골수 장애에서 나타납니다.
7. 혈액 응고 검사

BT(Bleeding Time)는 2-9min, PT(Prothrombin Time)는 11-14sec, aPTT(activated Partial thromboplastin Time)는 25-35sec, Fibrinogen은 200-400㎎/㎗, FDP(Fibrin Degradation Products)는 10㎍/㎗, D-dimer는 <250㎍/L 범위가 정상입니다. 연장은 Vit. K결핍증, 간경변, 간암, DIC 등에서 나타나고, 증가는 감염, 악성종양, 뇌혈전증 등에서 나타납니다.
8. 요검사

요검사 항목 중 turbidity, S.G, pH, WBC, RUA (Routine Urinalysis), Nitrite, Protein, Glucose, Ketones, Urobilinogen, Bilirubin, Blood, RBC, Micro-scopy WBC, Epitelial cell 등이 정상 범위 내에 있습니다. 증가는 당뇨병, 신기능 장애, 신부전, 요로폐쇄, 탈수증, 요독증 등에서, 감소는 간부전, 임신, 저단백식, 간부전, 요붕증 등에서 나타납니다.
9. 24시간 소변검사

24시간 소변검사 항목 중 Total Volume, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Protein, Creatinine, Calcium, Phosphrous, Glucose, Urea Nitrogen, Uric acid, Amylase 등이 정상 범위 내에 있습니다. 증가는 당뇨병, 송과선 장애, 혈압 상승 등에서, 감소는 간부전, 임신, 저단백식, 간부전, 요붕증 등에서 나타납니다.
10. 기타 화학검사

T. Calcium은 8.8-1.5mg/dL, I. Ca는 4.5-5.5 mg/㎗, I. Phosphrous는 2.5-4.5mg/dL, Glucose(FBS: Fasting Blood Sugar)는 70-110mg/dL, BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen)은 10-25mg/dL, Creatine은 0.70-1.40mg/dL, TG(Triglyceride)는 40~190mg/dl, Cholesterol은 120~200mg/dl, T.Protein은 6.0-8.0, Albumin은 3.3-5.2 범위가 정상입니다. 증가는 당뇨병, 갑상선 기능항진증, 말단비대증, 감염, 암 등에서, 감소는 요관 폐색, 저단백식이, 혈액 희석(다뇨, 수액, 임신 말기), shock 등에서 나타납니다.

Easy AI와 토픽 톺아보기

1. WBC(White Blood Cell)

WBCs, or white blood cells, play a crucial role in the body's immune system. They are responsible for defending the body against infections, diseases, and foreign invaders. WBCs come in different types, each with its own specialized function, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Understanding the levels and types of WBCs can provide valuable insights into an individual's overall health and help in the diagnosis and management of various medical conditions. Monitoring WBC counts and differentials can help detect and monitor infections, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and even certain types of cancer. Maintaining a healthy balance of WBCs is crucial for maintaining a robust and effective immune system.
2. RBC(Red Blood Cell), Hb(Hemoglobin), Hct(Hematocrit), MCV(Mean corpuscular volume), MCH(Mean corpuscular Hb), RDW(Red cell Distribution width)

Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-rich protein within RBCs that binds to and transports oxygen. Hematocrit (Hct) measures the percentage of RBCs in the total blood volume. MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) and MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) provide information about the size and hemoglobin content of RBCs, respectively. RDW (Red cell Distribution Width) measures the variation in RBC size. Together, these parameters provide a comprehensive assessment of the red blood cell population and can help diagnose and monitor various conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, and thalassemia. Maintaining healthy levels of these red blood cell-related markers is crucial for ensuring adequate oxygen delivery to the body's tissues and organs.
3. Plt(Platelet)

Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small cell fragments that play a vital role in blood clotting and hemostasis. They are responsible for initiating the clotting process, which helps stop bleeding and prevent excessive blood loss. Platelet counts can provide valuable information about an individual's overall health and risk of bleeding or clotting disorders. Low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) can lead to increased bleeding, while high platelet counts (thrombocytosis) can increase the risk of blood clots. Monitoring platelet levels is essential for the diagnosis and management of various hematological conditions, such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), leukemia, and myeloproliferative disorders. Maintaining a healthy platelet count is crucial for maintaining proper blood clotting and preventing potentially life-threatening complications.
4. Seg. Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil

The different types of white blood cells, including segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, each have specialized functions in the body's immune response. Segmented neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and are the first responders to sites of infection or inflammation. Lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells, play a crucial role in adaptive immunity and the recognition of specific pathogens. Monocytes can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, which are involved in phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Eosinophils are associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections, while basophils are involved in the inflammatory response. Monitoring the levels and ratios of these different white blood cell types can provide valuable insights into the body's immune status and help in the diagnosis and management of various medical conditions, such as infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of cancer.
5. ESR(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)

The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a simple blood test that measures the rate at which red blood cells (erythrocytes) settle to the bottom of a test tube. This rate can provide information about the presence of inflammation or infection in the body. Elevated ESR levels are often associated with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, cancer, and certain infections. However, it is important to note that ESR is a non-specific marker, and its interpretation should be done in the context of the patient's clinical presentation and other laboratory findings. While ESR can be a useful tool in the diagnostic process, it should not be used in isolation but rather as part of a comprehensive evaluation to help identify the underlying cause of the inflammation or disease.
6. Reticulocyte count

The reticulocyte count is a measure of the number of immature red blood cells (reticulocytes) in the blood. Reticulocytes are the precursors to mature red blood cells and are released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. An elevated reticulocyte count can indicate increased red blood cell production, which may be a sign of anemia, blood loss, or other conditions that stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. Conversely, a low reticulocyte count can suggest a problem with red blood cell production, such as in cases of aplastic anemia or certain types of leukemia. Monitoring the reticulocyte count, along with other red blood cell parameters, can provide valuable insights into the body's erythropoietic (red blood cell production) activity and help in the diagnosis and management of various hematological disorders.
7. 혈액 응고 검사

Blood coagulation tests are a group of laboratory tests that evaluate the body's ability to form and dissolve blood clots. These tests include prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and international normalized ratio (INR), among others. They provide information about the function of the various clotting factors and the overall coagulation cascade. Abnormal results in these tests can indicate an increased risk of bleeding or excessive clotting, which may be associated with conditions such as liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia, or thrombophilia. Monitoring coagulation parameters is crucial for the management of patients on anticoagulant therapy, as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of various hematological and cardiovascular disorders. Proper interpretation of these test results, in conjunction with the patient's clinical history and other laboratory findings, is essential for effective clinical decision-making.
8. 요검사

Urinalysis, or urine analysis, is a comprehensive examination of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine. It is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions, as the composition of urine can provide insights into the health of the kidneys, urinary tract, and overall metabolic processes. Urinalysis can detect the presence of proteins, glucose, blood, bacteria, and other substances that may indicate the presence of conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes, urinary tract infections, or even certain types of cancer. Additionally, the microscopic examination of urine sediment can reveal the presence of cells, casts, and crystals that can further aid in the diagnosis and management of various renal and urological disorders. Regular urinalysis, along with other laboratory tests and clinical assessments, is an essential component of comprehensive healthcare and can help healthcare providers make informed decisions about patient care.
9. 24시간 소변검사

The 24-hour urine collection test is a valuable diagnostic tool that provides a comprehensive assessment of the body's excretion of various substances over a 24-hour period. This test is particularly useful for evaluating kidney function, detecting metabolic disorders, and monitoring the levels of specific substances, such as hormones, electrolytes, and proteins. By collecting all urine produced over a 24-hour period, the test can provide a more accurate representation of the body's overall excretion patterns, which can be crucial for the diagnosis and management of conditions like kidney stones, hypertension, and certain endocrine disorders. The 24-hour urine collection test requires careful patient instructions and adherence to ensure the accuracy of the results, which can then be interpreted by healthcare providers in the context of the patient's clinical presentation and other laboratory findings. This comprehensive assessment can provide valuable insights and guide appropriate treatment and management strategies.
10. 기타 화학검사

In addition to the specific blood and urine tests discussed, there are a wide range of other chemical tests that can provide valuable information about a person's overall health and metabolic status. These include tests for liver function (e.g., ALT, AST, bilirubin), kidney function (e.g., creatinine, BUN), electrolyte balance (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride), lipid profile (e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides), and various hormones (e.g., thyroid, reproductive, adrenal). These chemical tests can help detect and monitor a variety of conditions, such as liver disease, kidney disease, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic disorders, and endocrine dysfunction. Interpreting these test results in the context of the patient's medical history, symptoms, and other clinical findings is crucial for healthcare providers to make accurate diagnoses and develop appropriate treatment plans. Comprehensive chemical testing, along with other laboratory and diagnostic assessments, is an essential component of modern, evidence-based healthcare.

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