[아동간호학 A+ CASESTUDY] 열성 경련, 장염 환아 간호과정 (간호진단 2개)

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1. Febrile Seizures

열성 경련은 38도 이상의 발열과 함께 나타나는 경련 증상을 말한다. 주로 6개월에서 5세 사이의 아동에게 발생하며, 대부분 양성의 경과를 보인다. 열성 경련의 원인은 대부분 바이러스 감염에 의한 것으로, 치료는 발열 관리와 경련 조절이 중요하다. 간호중재로는 체온 측정, 해열제 투여, 수분 공급, 경련 관리 등이 필요하다.
2. Norovirus enteritis

노로바이러스 장염은 구토, 설사, 복통 등의 증상을 동반하는 급성 위장관염이다. 주로 겨울철에 유행하며, 오염된 식품이나 물을 통해 전파된다. 치료는 수분 및 전해질 보충이 중요하며, 대증 요법으로 증상을 완화시킨다. 간호중재로는 수분 섭취 격려, 구토 및 설사 관리, 전해질 불균형 예방 등이 필요하다.

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1. Febrile Seizures

Febrile seizures are a common occurrence in young children, affecting up to 5% of all children under the age of 5. These seizures are typically triggered by a rapid rise in body temperature, often due to a viral or bacterial infection. While they can be frightening for parents to witness, febrile seizures are generally not a sign of a serious underlying condition and are usually self-limiting, resolving on their own within a few minutes. The exact cause of febrile seizures is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the brain's immature response to the rapid temperature change. Certain genetic factors may also play a role in predisposing some children to these types of seizures. The management of febrile seizures typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the fever, such as administering fever-reducing medications or treating the underlying infection. In most cases, no specific treatment for the seizure itself is required, as the seizure will typically stop on its own. However, in some cases, particularly if the seizure is prolonged or the child experiences multiple seizures, medical intervention may be necessary to stop the seizure and prevent complications. Overall, while febrile seizures can be alarming for parents, they are generally a benign and common occurrence in young children. With proper management and support, most children who experience febrile seizures will go on to develop normally and have no long-term consequences. It is important for parents to be aware of the signs and symptoms of febrile seizures and to seek medical attention if they have any concerns.
2. Norovirus enteritis

Norovirus enteritis, also known as the 'stomach flu,' is a highly contagious viral infection that can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. While the illness is typically self-limiting and resolves within a few days, it can be particularly problematic in certain populations, such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with compromised immune systems. The primary mode of transmission for norovirus is through the fecal-oral route, either by direct contact with an infected individual or by consuming contaminated food or water. The virus is also known to spread rapidly in closed environments, such as cruise ships, nursing homes, and schools, where it can quickly pass from person to person. One of the most concerning aspects of norovirus enteritis is the potential for severe dehydration, especially in young children and the elderly. Prompt rehydration, either through oral or intravenous fluids, is crucial to prevent complications and ensure a full recovery. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage severe dehydration or other complications. While there is no specific treatment for norovirus infection, supportive care, including rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms, is the mainstay of management. Preventive measures, such as proper hand hygiene, food safety, and disinfection of contaminated surfaces, are also essential to reduce the spread of the virus and protect vulnerable populations. In conclusion, norovirus enteritis is a highly contagious and potentially debilitating illness that requires prompt recognition and management to prevent serious complications. Continued research and the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies are crucial to mitigate the impact of this widespread and disruptive viral infection.