성인 간호 폐기종 emphysema

본 내용은 " 성인 간호 폐기종 emphysema " 의 원문 자료에서 일부 인용된 것입니다. 2024.11.25

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• 1. Emphysema

  폐기종은 폐포의 과팽창, 폐포 막의 파괴, 폐포 모세혈관 막의 파괴, 좁아지고 뒤틀린 기도, 폐의 탄성이 소실되는 상태를 말한다. 주요 원인은 흡연과 α1 antitrypsin 결핍이며, 증상으로는 호흡 노력의 증가, 에너지 요구량 증가, 근육과 피하지방 소실, 단백질과 칼로리 부족 등이 있다. 진단을 위해 맥박 산소 측정기, 흉부 X-ray, 동맥혈 가스분석, 폐 기능 검사 등을 시행한다. 치료로는 기관지 확장제 사용, 진해거담제 사용, 선택적 항생제 사용, 금연, 폐 재활, 산소 요법 등이 있다.

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• 1. Emphysema

  Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that causes progressive damage to the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is expelled. This damage leads to a loss of elasticity in the lungs, making it increasingly difficult for the patient to breathe. The primary cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to irritants, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers an inflammatory response that gradually destroys the alveolar walls. Other risk factors include air pollution, occupational exposure to dusts and chemicals, and genetic factors. Symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic cough, and frequent respiratory infections. As the disease progresses, patients may experience severe breathlessness, even at rest, and require supplemental oxygen. While there is no cure for emphysema, treatment focuses on managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving quality of life. This includes smoking cessation, bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory medications, and in severe cases, lung volume reduction surgery or lung transplantation. Emphysema is a debilitating condition that significantly impacts a patient's daily activities and overall health, underscoring the importance of prevention, early detection, and comprehensive management to improve outcomes for those affected.