한⋅중⋅일의 교육을 받을 권리에 대한 비교 연구 (A comparative study on the right to education in Korea, China, and Japan)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 전북대학교 동북아법연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 동북아법연구 / 17권 / 1호 / 1 ~ 33페이지
· 저자명 : 노기호

초록

헌법 제31조 제1항 내지 제3항에서 명시하고 있는 교육을 받을 권리는 국민 개인의 측면과국가적 측면에서 모두 그 실현이 절실히 요청되는 기본권이다. 그런데 교육을 받을 권리는 개인의 인간다운 삶의 실현과 직업의 선택 및 민주시민으로서의 소양의 전제가 됨에도 불구하고, 국가의 사회적 환경의 변화와 시대 상황의 변화에 따라 그 권리의 해석과 적용이 달라져 왔다.
이에 본 논문에서는 우리의 헌법 제31조에서 명시하고 있는 교육을 받을 권리를 이론과 실적적용의 측면에서 분석하고 나아가 우리와 유사한 규정이 있는 일본의 헌법과 교육법령 상의교육을 받을 권리 또한 함께 분석하고 검토하였다. 그리고 사회주의국가체제를 가지고 있는중국에서 국민의 교육을 받을 권리는 얼마나 실용적으로 적용되고 실현되고 있는가를 이론과함께 제도적인 측면에서 검토하여, 교육을 받을 권리의 의미와 내용에 대해 새로운 해석과 입법과제를 제시하였다.
현재의 헌법과 교육법령에서 규정하고 있는 평등하게 교육을 받을 권리는 각각의 국가별로사회구조와 시대 상황의 변화에 따라 새로운 해석과 정책의 수립이 요청된다. 평등하게 교육을받을 권리의 보장은 최종적으로 국가와 지방자치단체의 자세에 달려있다고 하겠다. 즉, 국가와지방자치단체가 어떻게 학생들이 평등한 교육을 받을 수 있도록 지역 간의 교원 수급이나 교육재정의 확보 등 교육 여건 격차를 최소화하는 시책을 마련하고 시행하여야 한다.

영어초록

The people's right to receive education is a fundamental right that desperately needs its realization, both from the individual and national perspectives. However, despite the fact that the right to receive education is a premise for the realization of an individual's life as a human being, selection of a job, and knowledge as a democratic citizen. The interpretation and application of the right are different according to changes in the social environment of the country and the changing circumstances of the times.
Therefore, the right to equal education stipulated in the current constitution and education laws requires new interpretation and establishment of policies according to changes in social structure and times in each country. For citizens, the right to education is a means by which each individual can develop his or her individuality in the realm of life, develop various abilities and qualifications necessary for vocational activities, and be equipped with qualities as a democratic citizen (a contributor to building socialism in China).
It is an important means for the establishment of a social state through the realization of practical equality in the field of education and for the realization of a cultural state that the Constitution aims for. Therefore, it is required to establish and establish detailed and specific education policies and systems for each country to achieve the comprehensive and complex goals of both countries.
In terms of the equal right to education under the constitutions of Korea, China, and Japan, the first thing to be realized is that the state should actively provide policy consideration so that the economically weak can receive a substantially equal level of education. In other words, it is necessary to prevent cases where equal education is not received due to regional concentration of educational facilities established by the state(especially in China, this problem is serious), and to secure stable education finances by region. Policies must be implemented to institutionally ensure that the economically underprivileged can receive practical equal education.
It can be said that guaranteeing the right to equal education ultimately depends on the attitude of the state and local governments. In other words, it depends on how the state and local governments prepare and implement policies to minimize the gap in educational conditions, such as supply and demand of teachers between regions and securing educational finance, so that students can receive equal education.
The state needs to consult with local governments in establishing and implementing policies to improve educational facilities and educational conditions in order to practically guarantee the right to receive equal education according to students' abilities.
This is because the practical guarantee of students' right to receive equal education according to their abilities depends on how effectively they resolve the educational gap caused by the regional gap caused by the concentration of students. Therefore, the state and local governments need to make the best efforts for this.

참고자료

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