일본 국민정신총동원운동과 교화 (The National Spiritual Mobilization Movement and Moral Suasion Mobilization)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한일관계사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한일관계사연구 / 70호 / 319 ~ 354페이지
· 저자명 : 남상호

초록

중일전쟁이 전면화되면서 이런 상황에 대응하기 위해 1937년 8월 24일에 고노에近衛내각은 ‘국민정신총동원실시요강’을 각의 결정하고 장기화한 총력전에 국민을 동원하기 위해 국민정신총동원운동을 개시하였다.
이 국민운동은 기존의 교화운동이었던 내무성의 국민갱생운동, 농림성의 농촌경제갱생운동, 문부성의 교화총동원운동, 교학쇄신 정책 등을 바탕으로, 이 교화운동을 통제 있게 집대성한 하야시林銑十郎 내각 때의 ‘국민교화방책’ 및 ‘시국에 관한 선전방책’에 의거해 진행되었음을 확인했고, 정동운동은 종래의 국민갱생운동 등과 동일선상에 있는 교화운동이었음을 밝혔다.
또 정동운동 실태에 대해서는 정동비판 여론, 간담회, 정동개편안 등의 분석을 통해 실태에 접근해 보았으며, 그 결과 정동운동은 정책의도만큼 소기의 목적을 달성하지 못했음을 밝혔다.

영어초록

During the war, bureaucratic controls over citizens' lives greatly increased, as the tasks of economic mobilization and maintenance of public morale became more important. The economic impact of the China war on the five-year plans occasioned interest in more intensive fonns of public mobilization. At the outset of the China Incident in 1937, the Cabinet had converted its plans for a voluntary citizens' drive for savings into a National Spiritual Mobilization Movement (국민정신총동원운동) to generate public support for the government's China policy. A loosely knit Central Federation of seventy-four organizations, including representatives from all parliamentary groups, was created to direct the movement under the joint supervision of the Cabinet Information Commission, Home Ministry, and Education Ministry.
Heavy emphasis was placed on ideological propaganda to strengthen popular identification with the state and foster a sense of nationalism. Other campaigns were launched to encourage production, citizen savings, the purchase of war bonds, and thrift. However, the popular response was at best lukewarm, and a number of officials began urging that the movement be placed under the direction of one single government office with the power to coordinate more closely the activities of the various groups represented in the federation. By mid-1938, as the government prepared to limit wages and consumption while transforming the labor force to a wartime footing, and demand a greater degree of spontaneous citizen cooperation with the war effort, it was obliged to give careful consideration to strengthening its campaign for public mobilization.

참고자료

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