잉글랜드 청교도 장로교주의 기원에 관한 고찰 (A Study on the Origin of the Puritan Presbyterianism in England)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 영국사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 영국연구 / 20호 / 57 ~ 85페이지
· 저자명 : 윤종훈

초록

본 연구는 잉글랜드 청교도 장로교도들의 기원을 고찰하고 있다. 잉글랜드 장로교주의자들은 당시 로마 가톨릭의 신학사상과 앵글리칸의 준개혁적 사상에 반기를 들고 철저하고도 완전한 개혁의지를 가지고 예배형식과 삶의 신학을 추구하였다. 이들은 무엇보다도 신구약 성경에서 출원적 배경을 가지고 있으며, 초대교회 당대의 로마 사제출신인 어거스틴(Augustine)과 성 패트릭(Patrich)을 위시하여 중세의 피터 왈도(Waldo)와 존 위클리프(Wycliff), 보헤미아의 존 후스(Huss)를 통해 진행되었고, 존 칼빈(Calvin)의 개혁주의적 장로교 제도를 통하여 정착되었다. 이러한 장로교제도는 잉글랜드 청교도들(Puritans)을 통하여 앵글리칸의 교회정치의 문제점들이 제기되면서 보다 구체화되었고, 결국 목사, 교수(교사), 장로, 집사라는 장로교 4중제도로 확립되었다. 이러한 잉글랜드 장로교 제도는 카트라이트와 왈터 트라버스를 통하여 더욱 발전되었다.

영어초록

This paper seeks to explore the process in the establishing of the presbyterianism in England that struggled against the church-state of England in the 17th century. The English Presbyterian movement started with the Puritan’s rejection against Anglican’s chapel styles and the semi-reformed theological perspectives. These phenomena were seen in the activities of William Tyndale who was called the origin of the Puritan movement in England. This Presbyterian movement proceed in the end of the age of the Tudors, Elizabeth I, including the reformers, John Hooper, Thomas Cranmer, Ricolas Ridley. This movement served as a momentum in establishing the Presbyterianism of the American and the world church, as well as the English church.
The origin of the English Presbyterianism can be found in the scripture, in particular, the book of Pentateuch. This organization was initiated by Saint Augustinus, Missionary Saint Patrick in the early Christian church, and by Peter Waldo, John Wyclliff, and Johanus Huss in the Medieval church ages. The Reformation which had occurred in this historical background, produced John Calvin's Presbyterianism ideas, and developed into, at last, the Puritan's Presbyterianism which was influenced by the leaders of the reformed theological thought.
In particular, William Tyndale, called as an origin of English Puritan movement, in his book Practice of Prelates, which appeared in 1530, insisted that Jesus Christ ordained in His Kingdom two officers, one called after the Greek word ‘bishop’, in English an overseer, which same was called ‘priest’ after the Greek, ‘elder’ in English. The another officer is called ‘deacon’ after the Greek, a ‘minister’ in English, to minister the alms. After him, English Presbyterianism was developed by the claims of Thomas Cartwright that there is no biblical proof of the office of the ‘Archbishop’, ‘Archdeacon’, ‘Dean’ and ‘Chapter’. He observed that apostle Paul divided the office of the ministry into two distinct parts: the one is the ordinary and the other the extraordinary. The extraordinary is composed of ‘Bishops (Pasters)’, Professors (Teachers), Elders (Presbyters), and Deacons. This Presbyterianism settled down into a good success in England by Cartwright, and spreaded throughout the whole region of England when Walter Travers became the leader of the Presbyterian denomination. He laid groundwork for a Puritan Presbyterianism Discipline by publishing his book The Book of Discipline. This Presbyterianism, eventually, came to an end gradually by the affair of called Martin Marprelate (1588-1590), but these denominational ideas came to be the main thought of Puritan Revolution which was occurred by the Puritan Presbyterians who swepted over the English Parliament in an age of Charles I in England.

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