淸前期 海關 設置와 그 意味 (The establishment and meaning of maritime customs during the early Qing period)

서지정보

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· 저자명 : 이윤희

초록

After suppressing the anti-Qing movement of Zheng's forces(鄭氏勢力) in 1683, the Qing dynasty had been stable in domestic and foreign situation. In 1684, the Qing dynasty abolished the embargo on overseas trade(海禁) and established the maritime customs. The Qing dynasty built the maritime customs in Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang province respectively. The main affairs of the maritime customs were managing imports and exports of Chinese and foreign merchant ships, serving tributary envoys and supervising a tributary trade.
There are many studies about the maritime customs of system. However, in most studies it has been recognized that the maritime customs was established instead of Shibo(市舶) or was in the transitional stage between Shibo and maritime customs in modern period(=近代 海關). The maritime customs should be recognized as important stage because the Qing dynasty abolished the embargo on overseas trade and established the maritime customs in the Chinese southeast coastal region. After the abolishment of the embargo on overseas trade, as overseas trade was legalized, foreign merchant ships headed for Guangdong province. Chinese merchant ships also increased in large numbers.
The Qing dynasty′s active policy of overseas trade can be compared with the Ming dynasty's policy of overseas trade. The Ming dynasty clamped the embargo on overseas trade under the Tributary System(朝貢體制) and put in force a negative policy of overseas trade. But the Qing dynasty, as soon as the Chinese southeast coastal region had been comparatively stable, abolished the embargo on overseas trade, and trade on the seas was allowed freely. The Qing dynasty had a different point of view about overseas trade. The Qing dynasty realized that over seas trade was helpful not only to the economy in the Chinese southeast costal region but also to the Qing dynasty's public finance. Therefore the Qing dynasty allowed trade on the seas freely and supervised it with the maritime customs. In the Qing dynasty, the establishment of maritime customs can be seen a system that reflected the Qing dynasty's active viewpoint about the overseas trade.

영어초록

After suppressing the anti-Qing movement of Zheng's forces(鄭氏勢力) in 1683, the Qing dynasty had been stable in domestic and foreign situation. In 1684, the Qing dynasty abolished the embargo on overseas trade(海禁) and established the maritime customs. The Qing dynasty built the maritime customs in Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang province respectively. The main affairs of the maritime customs were managing imports and exports of Chinese and foreign merchant ships, serving tributary envoys and supervising a tributary trade.
There are many studies about the maritime customs of system. However, in most studies it has been recognized that the maritime customs was established instead of Shibo(市舶) or was in the transitional stage between Shibo and maritime customs in modern period(=近代 海關). The maritime customs should be recognized as important stage because the Qing dynasty abolished the embargo on overseas trade and established the maritime customs in the Chinese southeast coastal region. After the abolishment of the embargo on overseas trade, as overseas trade was legalized, foreign merchant ships headed for Guangdong province. Chinese merchant ships also increased in large numbers.
The Qing dynasty′s active policy of overseas trade can be compared with the Ming dynasty's policy of overseas trade. The Ming dynasty clamped the embargo on overseas trade under the Tributary System(朝貢體制) and put in force a negative policy of overseas trade. But the Qing dynasty, as soon as the Chinese southeast coastal region had been comparatively stable, abolished the embargo on overseas trade, and trade on the seas was allowed freely. The Qing dynasty had a different point of view about overseas trade. The Qing dynasty realized that over seas trade was helpful not only to the economy in the Chinese southeast costal region but also to the Qing dynasty's public finance. Therefore the Qing dynasty allowed trade on the seas freely and supervised it with the maritime customs. In the Qing dynasty, the establishment of maritime customs can be seen a system that reflected the Qing dynasty's active viewpoint about the overseas trade.

참고자료

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