高麗時代 律官의 소임에 관한 일고찰 (Study on the works of Judicial Officer in Goryeo Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사상문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국사상과 문화 / 54호 / 193 ~ 226페이지
· 저자명 : 이미숙

초록

율관(律官)이 소속되어 있던 기관으로 중앙에는 형부(刑部) 및 도관(都官)과 전옥서(典獄署) 등이 있었는데, 율관은 이러한 기관에서 실무를 담당하던 낭중(郎中), 원외랑(員外郞) 등으로 활동하였다.
지방 각 관아에도 파견된 법조(法曹)는 일부 현(縣)과 진(鎭)을 제외하고는 거의 모든 지역에 있었는데, 이들은 군현 통치를 수행하는데 있어서 옥송(獄訟)이나 외관(外官)의 법률적인 자문과 같은 중요한 기능을 담당하였다.
율관의 선발(選拔)과 사로(仕路)에 대해서 살펴보면, 율관은 잡과를 거쳐 등용되었는데, 그 출신 배경으로는 문반가문도 있었지만, 향리 및 일반양민 또는 가업을 계승한 하급관리의 자제들이었을 것으로 생각된다. 율관은 9품의 산직(散職)이나 율학조교(律學助敎) 또는 율학박사(律學博士)에 임명되거나, 외직의 법조에 임명되었다. 그러나 그 품계가 재상에까지 오른 경우도 있으나, 대체로 품관(品官)으로 상승하는 것은 매우 어려웠던 것으로 짐작된다.
율관의 임무를 보면, 율관은 율령의 개정 및 형벌심리 그리고 재심(再審) 또는 소송(訴訟), 검시(檢屍) 등 국가의 질서를 유지하는데 크게 기여하였다는 것을 알 수 있다. 율관의 경제적 대우는 문⋅무관과는 동일한 대우를 받았으며, 같은 기술관인 일관이나 서관⋅산관보다는 훨씬 좋은 대우를 받았다. 이렇게 볼 때 이들 역시 고려시대 기술관의 하나로서 국가를 통치하는데 없어서는 안될 중요한 존재였다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

영어초록

There were agencies in central government such as "Hyeongbu" (Ministry of Justice), "Dogwan"(Urban officer) and "Jeonokseo" (Prison governing office) to which judicial officers belonged. Judicial officers worked in the working-level positions of "Namgjung" and "Wonoirang" in such agencies.
"Beobjo"(judicial administrator) was dispatched to respective local governments throughout almost all regions of the country except for some perfectures and river ports and they were in charge of important positions such as legal advisors for prison litigators or local government officers in governing counties and perfectures.
Our study on the selection of judicial officers and their career for government services revealed that judicial officers were recruited through high-level state examination for technicians and in terms of the family background of judicial officers, some seemed to have come from civil functionary families but most of them seemed to be from the civilians from county town and general civilians or the sons of low-level officers who inherited their own family businesses. Judicial officers were appointed to "Sanjik (low-level position of the 9th rank), judicial assistant tutor or judicial master while in some cases being appointed as "Beobjo" (judicial administrator) of local government. A few judicial officers could be promoted to the level of prime minister position but in general it seemed that the promotion of judicial officers to the officers with ranks would have been very difficult.
As to the tasks of judicial officers, we can see that they significantly contributed in the areas of revision of laws and regulations, the trial of punishment, retrial, litigation or autopsy which are important to maintain national order. As to compensation for judicial officers, they were treated as same as those for civil officers and military officers while they were treated much better as compared to weather officers, library officers and treasury officers. Based on the result of our study, we could confirm that judicial officer was one of technocrats in Goryeo Dynasty as an important and essential position to rule the country.

참고자료

· 없음