죽은 자를 위한 마지막 노래(2): 한국 불교의 죽음관과 장례음악: 2010년 시행 경주지역의 사례를 중심으로 (Funeral Music of Buddhism in Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 민족음악학회
· 수록지 정보 : 음악과 현실 / 43호 / 11 ~ 76페이지
· 저자명 : 김성혜

초록

Buddhist funeral consists of the rites of deathbed, binso, chulsang, and jangji. Understanding Buddhist funeral rites includes examining the Buddhist philosophy on death, its funeral procedure, and the funeral music.
Death is a part of life in Buddhism. The essence of its teaching is transiency of life and death. If one fails to realize the truth, one will be trapped in the eternal and repetitious cycle of life and death. Life in Buddhism that includes death is explained in the four stages called sa-yu(四有), of which saengyu(生有) and bonyu(本有) belong to life and sayu(死有) and jungyu(中有) to death. The rite that takes place at the stage of sayu is funeral.
The Buddhist funeral is supposed to be conducted in the sequence of the four rites of deathbed, binso, chulsang, and jangji. However, The rite at the deathbed is rarely observed these days. Likewise, In the case of binso rite, which used to consist of two rites, seongbok and yeomseup, only the former is observed while the latter tends to be left to the funeral service business that the family hired. Seongbok rite, which is about leading the soul to the Buddhist paradise, is carried out in the sequence of geobul, banhonchageo, seongbokjemun, sibnyeom, jinban, dage, sigwisik, simuchabeopsik, bogongyangjineon, and banyasimgyeong. Chulsang rite, which is also called balinje, is conducted in the sequence of geobul, gigam, jeongrojineon, obangbaerye, and sanhwarak, which depicts the soul bidding farewell to its old place and departing along the flower path. Jangji rite, which is about disposing of the dead body, consists of two rites, hwajang(cremation) and yugolbongan. The former is conducted in the sequence of geobul, geohwa, hahwa, bongsong, sibnyeom, bongsongjineon, and gyeongjeondoksong, and the latter in the sequence of geobul, changhon, banyasimgyeong, and bongange.
Through the research on the Buddhist funeral rites recently conducted in Gyeongju, it turned out that what the monks and the bereaved families ultimately seek in the rites is to lead the soul to Enlightenment and to help it reach the Buddhist paradise with their prayer.
The examination on the funeral music, the Buddhist scripture chanting by monks, revealed that the words are either articulated letter by letter with each one corresponding to one note or delivered in tight concatenation. The common rhythm type is with the frontal syllable kept short. The words used to be chanted in Chinese, but now Korean prevails in order to help the public understand better. It's hard to find any particular rhythm pattern, yet the beginning and terminal proceeding of the funeral music runs in menarizo.
Monks at the rite are the chanter and accompanist at the same time. The instruments they use are yoryeong and moktak. When they call the soul of the dead, they sing solo with yoryeong, but when they chant the scripture with the public, they use moktak.
The most conspicuous characteristic of the Buddhist funeral is that it is conducted by the solemn chanting of monks from the beginning to the end of each rite. The sound of monk's scripture chanting that floats over the entire scene is intended to guide the soul to the Buddha's land, but it also consoles the bereaved family with its solemn yet soothing rhythm. For this reason, the music is not only for the dead but also for the alive.

영어초록

Buddhist funeral consists of the rites of deathbed, binso, chulsang, and jangji. Understanding Buddhist funeral rites includes examining the Buddhist philosophy on death, its funeral procedure, and the funeral music.
Death is a part of life in Buddhism. The essence of its teaching is transiency of life and death. If one fails to realize the truth, one will be trapped in the eternal and repetitious cycle of life and death. Life in Buddhism that includes death is explained in the four stages called sa-yu(四有), of which saengyu(生有) and bonyu(本有) belong to life and sayu(死有) and jungyu(中有) to death. The rite that takes place at the stage of sayu is funeral.
The Buddhist funeral is supposed to be conducted in the sequence of the four rites of deathbed, binso, chulsang, and jangji. However, The rite at the deathbed is rarely observed these days. Likewise, In the case of binso rite, which used to consist of two rites, seongbok and yeomseup, only the former is observed while the latter tends to be left to the funeral service business that the family hired. Seongbok rite, which is about leading the soul to the Buddhist paradise, is carried out in the sequence of geobul, banhonchageo, seongbokjemun, sibnyeom, jinban, dage, sigwisik, simuchabeopsik, bogongyangjineon, and banyasimgyeong. Chulsang rite, which is also called balinje, is conducted in the sequence of geobul, gigam, jeongrojineon, obangbaerye, and sanhwarak, which depicts the soul bidding farewell to its old place and departing along the flower path. Jangji rite, which is about disposing of the dead body, consists of two rites, hwajang(cremation) and yugolbongan. The former is conducted in the sequence of geobul, geohwa, hahwa, bongsong, sibnyeom, bongsongjineon, and gyeongjeondoksong, and the latter in the sequence of geobul, changhon, banyasimgyeong, and bongange.
Through the research on the Buddhist funeral rites recently conducted in Gyeongju, it turned out that what the monks and the bereaved families ultimately seek in the rites is to lead the soul to Enlightenment and to help it reach the Buddhist paradise with their prayer.
The examination on the funeral music, the Buddhist scripture chanting by monks, revealed that the words are either articulated letter by letter with each one corresponding to one note or delivered in tight concatenation. The common rhythm type is with the frontal syllable kept short. The words used to be chanted in Chinese, but now Korean prevails in order to help the public understand better. It's hard to find any particular rhythm pattern, yet the beginning and terminal proceeding of the funeral music runs in menarizo.
Monks at the rite are the chanter and accompanist at the same time. The instruments they use are yoryeong and moktak. When they call the soul of the dead, they sing solo with yoryeong, but when they chant the scripture with the public, they use moktak.
The most conspicuous characteristic of the Buddhist funeral is that it is conducted by the solemn chanting of monks from the beginning to the end of each rite. The sound of monk's scripture chanting that floats over the entire scene is intended to guide the soul to the Buddha's land, but it also consoles the bereaved family with its solemn yet soothing rhythm. For this reason, the music is not only for the dead but also for the alive.

참고자료

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