从知庄章的演变看马礼逊《五车韵府》的音系性质 (A Study on the Phonology of Woo-chay-yun-foo based on the Pronunciation of the Initial Groups Zhi, Zhuang and Zhang)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국중어중문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중어중문학 / 61호 / 347 ~ 364페이지
· 저자명 : 文嘉 胡, 林啸 郑

초록

19世纪英国来华传教士罗伯特·马礼逊编纂了历史上第一部汉英字典《华英字典》，为中西方文化的交流做出了重要贡献。《华英字典》实际上是一个字典系列，由《字典》、《五车韵府》、《英汉字典》三部分组成。本文的研究对象是《华英字典》的第二部分《五车韵府》。这部汉英字典共收12680字，全部采用拉丁字母注音编排，能让我们清晰直观地了解这一时期的汉语读音情况，是清中期一份重要的汉语对音材料。目前对于《五车韵府》的研究十分有限，仅有的几篇文章都集中在对《五车韵府》音系的探讨上。本文力图以近代音讨论的热点知庄章组声母为切入点，通过梳理和分析《五车韵府》中知庄章三组字的读音情况，继续探讨其音系问题。
本文通过研究发现《五车韵府》中知庄章的演变情况与熊正辉（1990）提出的南京型官话十分接近。为了更好地说明这一问题，本文根据知庄章组字在《广韵》及《五车韵府》中读音的匹配情况，将知庄章组字分为“一对一”、“一对多”、“多对一”、“多对多”四个类型。同时，本文将[ts,ts‘,s]归入ts组，将[t, t‘,]归入t组，分别统计了上述四个类型的知庄章组字的平翘舌情况。其中“一对一”反映了这一时期知庄章组字总体的读音情况，“一对多”中丰富的异读信息则揭示了三组声母的演变方向，而多音字的两种类型经过简化与“一对一”和“一对多”一致。

영어초록

A Dictionary of the Chinese Language in Three Parts, complied by the British missionary Robert Morrison from 1815 to 1823, is the first Chinese-English dictionary in history which has made great contributions to the communication between China and West. What this paper focuses on is Woo-chay-yun-foo, the second part of Morrison’s great dictionary. In Woo-chay-yun-foo, Morrison developed romanizations for 12680 Chinese characters, which shed light on the pronunciation of Mandarin at that time. Presently, the research on Woo-chay-yun-foo is very limited, most of which is about the phonology recorded in this dictionary. This paper aims to continue the discussion of phonology by analyzing the pronunciation of the initial groups Zhi, Zhuang and Zhang in Woo-chay-yun-foo.
It is found that in Woo-chay-yun-foo, the initials in group Zhi and Zhang are mainly pronounced as [t, t‘,], while some of them are turned into [ts, ts‘,s] when combined with Geng She. The initials in group Zhuang, however, develops in two directions according to the finals following them: 1) ts, ts‘ and s before final group Yu; 2) t, t‘ and  before final group Jia. The pronunciation of group Zhi, Zhuang and Zhang in this dictionary is similar to what Xiong Zhenghui (1990) names “Nanjing type” when classifying modern Mandarin Chinese. In this sense, it is likely that what Woo-chay-yun-foo records is Mid-Qīng Mandarin based on Nanjing Dialect.

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