율곡학과 화서학파 (Yulgok Studies and Wha-seo School)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : (사)율곡학회
· 수록지 정보 : 율곡학연구 / 23권 / 5 ~ 39페이지
· 저자명 : 곽신환

초록

율곡의 주요 관심사가 유학적 이상의 나라를 구현하는 것, 소인의 무리를 물리치고군자들이 다스리는 나라를 건립하는 것이었다면, 제자 사계 김장생의 관심은 왜란으로헝클어진 인륜과 국가사회의 질서를 재건하는 것이었고, 우암이 북호(北胡)에 대하여문명적 주체 의식을 갖고 의리를 세워 조선의 백성이 금수와 야만의 상태로 전락할 것에 대한 경각심을 높였다면, 18세기 노론정치는 대의(大義)를 지속적으로 추구하였고또한 그들의 철학적 주제는 인간과 여타 존재의 본성이 같으냐 다르냐의 문제였었다.
19세기 조선유학자들에게 주어진 주요 도전은 남왜(南倭) 북호(北胡)가 아니라 서세(西勢)였다. 그것은 천주교와 일본 및 서양의 과학기술을 포함한 것으로 이는 양이(洋夷)의도전이었고, 정도(正道)에 대한 사술(邪術)의 위협으로 다가왔다. 이에 대한 유학적 가치의 담지자들이 보인 반응 가운데 주요한 것이 바로 화서학파를 중심한 위정척사운동이었다. 율곡이 과중한 국사로 인하여 치명하였다고 할 수 있고, 중봉이 왜란에 순의했고, 우암이 호란 정국의 후유증을 감당하느라고 치명(致命) 했다면 19세기의 위정척사파들도 백척간두에 선 심정으로 순의(殉義) 순도(殉道)했다. 꽃은 다른 환경에서 다르게피었지만 뿌리는 같았다는 것을 알 수 있다.

영어초록

Although Yulgok's main concern was to establish the Confucian nation with superior scholars not technical bureaucracies, his successor Sagye's idea was to reconstruct the rules, moral codes, and citizenship which had been crashed during the period of the Korean-Japan War in 1592-1598,that occurred by ths south barbarous Japanese invasion. Uam who was the subject of nation defeated war with the north babarian tribes, was to recognize the first principle of the book of Spring and Autumn as the prime justice of his age, and to exercise it to the death. He tried to differentiate the civilization and barbarism and warned and teached the people not to fallen the state of beast. The ruling and governing by the Elder parties in the 18th century was to maintain the policies of the first principle of Spring and Autumn, and their main philosophical themes was the same and difference of the nature between man other creature. The most impactive challenge upon the 19th century's Choson was not the southern nor northern but the western culture and military invasion. Those including Catholic and scientific technologies was called western savagery and the black art or an evil trick. The attitudes of scholars confronted with this challenges were various but the main point was the preventing the orthodoxies and anti the evil trick, which meaned anti western culture and pro Confucianism. This movement was exercised by the Wha-seo school,especially by the Lee Hangro, Kim Pyungmook, Lew Chungkyuo, Choi Ikhyun, and Lew Inseok. They set the flag of the righteous battle against Japan and the western invasion. We could say that Yulgok died with heavy overworks of nation as a minister, Chungbong(重峯) also was killed in the battle field at Geumsan with Japanese militaries, Uam was sentenced to death by the king because of struggling against the heresy and heterodoxy in the situation of the Empire Chung(淸)' ruling, and some scholars among the Wha-seo school members died of obeying and preventing the first principle of righteousness and the truth. In short, they were martyred of their Confucian faith. We could see that their roots were the same, but their flowers had different colors, shapes and fragrance.

참고자료

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