8․15 직후 조선건국준비위원회의 조직적 한계와 좌․우 분립의 배경 (Organized Limitations of Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State after 8․15 Liberation and the Background of Separation of Left and Right wing)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 사학연구 / 100호 / 825 ~ 866페이지
· 저자명 : 윤덕영

초록

이글은 조선건국준비위원회 중앙 조직의 조직적 성격, 건준을 확대하기 위한 좌․우협상이 결렬되는 과정과 원인, 건준에서 조선인민공화국으로의 전환과정에서 분명해진 재건파 조선공산당의 헤게모니 전취 등에 대해 살펴봄으로써 건준 활동이 실패하게 된 내적인 조직적 한계를 해명하고, 그러한 한계가 나타날 수밖에 없는 배경으로 재건파 조선공산당과 박헌영의 민족통일전선론의 성격을 분석함으로써 해방직후 최초의 국가건설과정에서의 좌․우 분립의 일 배경을 해명하고자 하는 것이다.
건준 1차 중앙조직은 건준을 밑받침하고 있는 정치세력의 취약성을 단적으로 드러내고 있었다. 그것은 일제하 이래 민족운동과 사회운동 세력 중 일부만으로 조직되었다. 2차 중앙조직에 이르러 조직의 체계가 잡히지만, 재건파 조선공산당 세력이 최대의 세력을 이루었고, 본래 취약한 인적구성을 갖고 있던 건국동맹․여운형계는 다수를 점하지 못했다. 민족주의세력으로는 기호파 일부 안재홍계열이 주로 참가하였지만, 이들은 전체 민족주의세력 중 극히 일부분이었다. 건준에 광범한 민족주의세력을 망라하기 위한 좌․우 협상이 여운형․안재홍과 민족주의자들 사이에서 두 차례에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 그렇지만 재건파 조선공산당 세력의 방해로 협상은 무산되게 된다. 이미 건준에서는 재건파 공산당과 연결된 세력들이 주도권을 행사하고 있었다. 건준에서 인공 선포에 이르는 과정에서 여운형의 지도력은 그 주변의 사람들에 국한되었지, 공산주의자들에게는 미치지 못했다.
재건파 공산당의 정치노선으로 확정된 8월 테제는 민족부르주아와의 협동이나 민족통일전선 결성을 주장하고는 있었다. 그렇지만 관심의 초점은 프롤레타리아 헤게모니, 즉 노동계급의 영도권 확립을 위해 대중을 전취하는데 있었다. 8월 테제는 송진우를 반동적 민족부르조아지로, 한민당을 지주․자본가 계급의 반동적 정당으로 못박음으로써, 한민당을 중심으로 결집해 있는 광범한 민족주의세력과 일부 사회주의 우파세력을 민족통일전선에서 배제하겠다는 것을 분명히 하였다. 이러한 재건파 공산당의 노선과 활동은 해방 후 최초 국가건설과정에서 건준이 좌․우의 정치세력을 망라하는 민족통일전선으로 발전하지 못하게 하는 주요 원인으로 작용했다. 그 결과 좌․우 정치세력의 분립은 보다 분명해져 갔다.

영어초록

The aim of this study is to examine the Organized characteristics of the central structure of the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State, the process of and reasons for rupture of negotiations between left and right wing to expand the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State, and the hegemony victory of the Reconstruction group of Joseon Communist Party that became clearer in the process of conversion from the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State to the People's Republic of Korea, in order to reveal the internal structural limitations that led to the failure of the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State activities, and analyze the characteristics of the National United Front Line theory of the Reconstruction group of Joseon Communist Party and Park Hun-young as a background that inevitably had limitations, and ultimately explain the background for left and right wing conflicts in the process of national establishment for the first time immediately after liberation.
The first central structure of the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State plainly reveals the weaknesses of the political forces that support the committee. Since the Japanese colonial period it was structured solely by a small portion of the national and social movement forces. The structure established a system by the second central structure, but the Reconstruction group of Joseon Communist Party was the biggest force, and the Joseon Alliance for National Government and Lyuh Woon-Hyung failed to take the majority position. because they have due to a fundamentally weak human resources structure. Nationalist forces like Ahn Jae-Hong and other members of the Kihopa did participate, but they were a very small portion of the entire nationalist force. Negotiations between left and right wing to include a wide range of nationalist forces in the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State took place twice between Lyuh Woon-Hyung and Ahn Jae-Hong, and the nationalists. However, the negotiations foundered due to interference from the Reconstruction group of Joseon Communist Party. Forces connected to Reconstruction group of Joseon Communist Party already had leadership in the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State. In the process leading up to the announcement of the People's Republic of Korea at the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State, the leadership of Lyuh Woon-Hyung was limited to people around him, and did not influence communists. The Reconstruction group of Joseon Communist Party charged forward despite his intentions, and skillfully used him.
The August Thesis that expanded to the political route of the Reconstruction group of Joseon Communist Party claimed cooperation of the national bourgeoisie and establishment of a national united front line. However, the focal point of interest was proletarian hegemony. In other words, the focus was on winning the public to establish a working class and leadership authority. The August Thesis defined Song Chin-Woo as a rebellious national bourgeoisie and the Korea Democratic Party as a holding and capitalist class counter-party, and made clear that the wide nationalist force focusing on the Korea Democratic Party and pars of he socialist right wing would be excluded from the national united front line. Such routes and actions of the Reconstruction group of Joseon Communist Party were important reasons that prevented the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Korean State from developing into a national united front line that included left and right wing, in the process of national establishment. Lyuh Woon-Hyung needed stronger political faith that he could walk the road alone, stronger abilities, and great will and political power to break through the situation, but he failed in the end, and the separation of left and right wing grew clearer.

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