중국 핵무기개발의 秘話 - 입법과제를 중심으로 - (The secret story of China Nuclear weapon development and Study on the Legal System)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한중법학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국법연구 / 21권 / 225 ~ 266페이지
· 저자명 : 김종우

초록

본 논문은 중화인민공화국 건국 이후 1950년대부터 1960년대 중국의 핵무기 개발과정에서의 舊소련과의 협력과 갈등을 조명하고 핵폭탄 실험 이후 미국정부의 반응을 법제사적인 시각에서 고찰하였다. 제2장에서 1950-1970년대 중국 핵무기개발계획에 대한 美․蘇의 대응과 평가를 통해 구체적인 내막을 살펴보기로 한다. 제3장에서는 중국의 핵수출통제정책에 대한 내용을 고찰하였다. 우선 중국에서 핵발전소를 건설할 때의 고려요소와 핵발전소의 향후 모델을 평가해보았다. 다음으로 국무원의 핵 긴급작업 11.5 규획요강 및 핵수출정책통제가 어떠한 내용을 포함하고 있는지 고찰하였다. 이것은 핵수출통제정책과 함께 방사성물품운송 안전관리에 대한 내용도 포함하고 있다. 제4장에서는 중국의 핵무기 개발을 주도한 3명의 과학자의 삶을 조명해보았다. 마지막으로 제5장에서는 중국 원자력법이 향후 나아가야 할 방향에서 어떠한 법적 과제가 요구되는지에 대하여 간단하게 고찰을 하였다.
본 논문이 중국의 원자력법의 제도적 개선에 주안점을 둔 것이 아니라 과거 중국의 핵무기 탄생과정의 숨겨진 秘話를 제시하는 데에 주력했다는 점을 밝혀둔다.

영어초록

This article focuses on necessity and urgency of atomic energy legislation in China. It also aims to promote the legislative process of atomic energy act and contribute the legal research of atomic energy．Since the nuclear disaster at Fukushima, the global nuclear circle has started a new round of reflection on atomic energy. And in the international community, there appear two different views of “denuclearization” and “nuclear-preserving”. At the same time, based on the comparison and analysis of the legislation of atomic energy between the United States, France, and in order to ensure the healthy development of nuclear energy industry, China should take environmental protection as priority, put safety first and lay equal stress on economics and marketization in its orientation of drafting of Atomic Energy Law. After that, it should go further to improve regulatory system for nuclear energy and establish insurance system for nuclear pollution．Traditional medicine is the wisdom cream created by the human being as well as the foundation and backbone of modern medicine, It plays a great role in the process of modern medicine development. The resource of traditional medicine is rich in China, Traditional medicine is a kind of intellectual achievements, so it shall be protected by resorting to intellectual property law. Traditional medicine is regional、collective and not novel, these features are different from modern intellectual products, so it is difficult to be protected effectively by existing intellectual property law system. To prevent traditional medicine from draining and being used improperly, effective intellectual property protection strategy shall be made to protect traditional medicine as soon as possible. Since the nuclear disaster at Fukushima, the global nuclear circle has started a new round of reflection on atomic energy. And in the international community, there appear two different views of “denuclearization” and “nuclear-preserving”. While the former is represented by Germany, the latter is characterized by France and the United States. In view of China's actualities of energy structure—+depending heavily on traditional fossil energy and the proportion of nuclear power being low—4it should not change its direction of developing nuclear power so as to guarantee energy safety, combat global warming and cleanse energy. At the same time, based on the comparison and analysis of the legislation of atomic energy between the United States, France and Japan, and in order to ensure the healthy development of nuclear energy industry, China should take environmental protection as priority, put safety first and lay equal stress on economics and marketization in its orientation of drafting of Atomic Energy Law. After that, it should go further to improve regulatory system for nuclear energy and establish insurance system for nuclear pollution．

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