한국에서 왜성(倭城)에 대한 인식과 정책 변화에 관한 연구: 반일(反日) 민족주의의 역할을 중심으로 (A Study of Changes in Perceptions and Policies Toward Japanese Fortresses in South Korea: Focusing on the Role of Anti-Japanese Nationalism)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서강대학교 인문과학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 서강인문논총 / 67호 / 215 ~ 249페이지
· 저자명 : 전재호

초록

이 글은 임진왜란･정유재란 시기 왜군이 조선에 축조한 왜성에 대한 인식과 정책을장기 역사적 관점에서 분석했다. 특히 해방 후 시기는 반일 민족주의의 역할에 주목하여 고찰했다.
왜군이 퇴각한 후 조선에서는 왜성의 군사적 유용성을 인정하고 일부 왜성을 재활용했다. 강점을 전후하여 일본은 잊힌 왜성을 조사･연구했고, 식민지 시기에는 일부왜성을 보수･복원･현창하고 국가문화재인 고적으로 지정했다. 이를 통해 조선 지배와당위성과 역사성을 과시했다.
해방 후 오랫동안 한국에서 왜성은 잊혔다. 다만 1963년 정부가 국가문화재인 사적을 지정하면서 10개의 왜성을 포함했다. 그러나 1990년대 중반 김영삼 정부는 일제가지정한 문화재를 재검토하는 과정에서 8개의 왜성을 일본성이라는 이유로 지방문화재로 격하했고, 성의 이름에 ‘왜’자를 붙였다. 이로써 한국에서 일본군이 쌓은 성은 한국성과 구별되는 왜성으로 범주화되었다.

영어초록

This article analyzes Korean perceptions and policies toward the fortresses that were constructed by the Japanese during their invasion of Korea in 1592-98. I pay particular attention to the role of anti-Japanese nationalism sentiment arising after Korea’s liberation from Japan in 1945.
After the Japanese military’s retreat from Korea in the 16th century, Koreans acknowledged the military usefulness of some of the fortresses they had built and reused them. During time of the Japanese colonialization of Korea in the 20th century, the Japanese researched these 350-year-old fortresses and repaired and renovated some of them－and designated them as national assets in order to demonstrate the historical legitimacy of their colonial rule.
After the 1945 liberation, these fortresses were again forgotten for decades, although the government included 10 of them in a survey of national assets in 1963. In the mid-1990s, however, during the re-examination of assets that had originated from the Japanese colonial period, the Kim Young-sam administration downgraded eight of them to local assets and renamed them with the qualifying prefix “wae,” me aning “Japanese.” Thus, fortresses constructed by the Japanese were categorized separately from those built by Koreans.
However, beginning in the late 1990s, when relationships between Korea and Japan began to improve, perceptions and policies in Korea toward these foreign-built fortresses have changed. In particular, in some regions, such as Ulsan, Sacheon, and Suncheon, they have been considered tourism resources and renovated in order to attract Japanese tourists. In response, anti-Japanese criticism has arisen, and, as a result, some of these renovation projects have been delayed, revised, or abandoned.
Anti-Japanese nationalists argue that these “Japanese” asse ts are an affront to Korean sovereignty. Meanwhile, their opponents claim that these edifices are common assets of humanity, built by both the Japanese and Koreans, and can teach valuable lessons to future generations about the nation’s at times troubled history. As a result, the repair and renovation of Japanese fortresses have been conducted with compromises toward anti-Japanese nationalism. From this perspective, anti-Japanese nationalism has not only played a negative role in the repair and restoration of the Japanese fortresses, but has paradoxically played a positive role.

참고자료

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