南陽洪氏 益山君派의 春川移居와 定着 (The Migration and Settlement to the Chuncheon(春川) region of Nam-yang Hong Family(南陽洪氏) of Ik-san Clan(益山君派))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 조선시대사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 조선시대사학보 / 46호 / 125 ~ 164페이지
· 저자명 : 고민정

초록

본 논문은 조선후기 南陽洪氏 益山君派가 춘천으로 이거하여 정착하는 모습을 살펴보기 위하여 춘천남양홍씨가에서 소장하고 있는 고문서를 분석하였다. 남양홍씨가는 洪振湖에 의해서 17세기 중엽에 春川府 東山外面 萬法里에 정착하여 현재까지 세거하고 있다.
이들이 춘천으로 이거해온 요인을 세 가지로 추정해 보았다. 첫째는 지리적 이점이 있었다. 한성부인들에게 춘천의 자연환경은 평상시에 거처할 만한 곳으로 이름나 있었으며 漕運과 驛路가 발달하여 도성과의 왕래가 용이하였다. 둘째는 경제적 기반이 마련되어 있었다. 홍진호는 춘천에 332斗落과 42日耕의 논과 밭을 소유하고 있었다. 셋째는 通婚에 의한 인적기반이 마련되었다. 입향조인 홍진호의 처가는 춘천의 유력한 재지사족인 善山金氏였다.
남양홍씨가는 춘천으로 입향한 뒤에 향촌사회의 일원으로 참여하였으며 司馬稧에서 주도적인 역할을 하였다. 洪藼은 사마계를 재건하기 위하여 노력하였으며 洪昌震은 先生案의 序文을 작성하였다. 또한 洪彦喆은 講會에 참석하여 시문을 남겼다.
이외에도 홍언철은 춘천의 재지사족과 친밀한 교류를 하기 위하여 노력하였다. 그는 춘천의 재지사족들과 친목단체인 晩谷同社를 결성하고 활발한 활동을 벌였다. 이는 홍언철이 춘천을 자신의 고향으로 여기고 재지사족들과 지속적인 관계를 유지하려고 하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.
이들이 춘천에 정착하는 모습을 살펴보면 지리적으로 조건이 비슷한 경기 북부지방이나 강원 영서지방의 경우와는 다른 경향을 보인다. 경기 북부와 강원 영서의 사족들이 중앙관직에만 관심을 가지고 있어 상대적으로 향촌사회내의 일을 소홀히 여기거나 문중활동에 치우쳤다는 연구결과와 달리 춘천의 남양홍씨가는 관직에 나가 있으면서도 향촌사회의 일도 적극적이며 지속적인 관심을 보이고 있기 때문이다.

영어초록

Faction of Iksangun(益山君) in the Hong of Namyang(南陽洪氏) takes Hong Eun-yeo(洪殷悅), a dynastic foundation merit subject of Goryeo, as their putative apical ancestor. When Lee Ja-gyeom’s Rebellion had broken out, Hong Gwan(洪灌), who was assistance to the throne, outspoke to the king, and so, Hong Eon-bak(洪彦博), who also assisted the king, was appointed as councilor. Even other members of Hong’s clan could have opportunities to serve as councilors. Having produced many men of distinguished talents in clan, the faction of Iksangun won nationwide reputation as a major family and elite lineage in the later Goryeo Period. And, arriving even in Joseon Period, the faction of Iksangun had maintained their power producing many elites of distinguished talents, including Hong Eung, the second state councilor, and Hong Heung, inspector general.
Direct ancestor of the Hong of Namyang, who moved to Chuncheon, is Hong Ik-jun(洪翼俊), also known as Gunsugong(郡守公); gong denotes a high government official. Hong Ik-jun also passed the erudite examination and gained official rank. Hong Eon-cheol, the sixth-generation of Hong Ik-jun, was a successful candidate of the special examination given on the joyous occasion involving the King, and served in key posts of the palace library and the office of special counselors. In addition to him, Hong Hwon(洪藼) and Hong Chang-jin(洪昌震) were successful in the classics or literally licentiate examination.
Factors that they had to move to Chuncheon were presumed as by three causes. First, there were geographical advantages. Chuncheon was the center of administration where the regional military command was stationed. Owing to thriving grain-shipments and post road, distance between Hanseong(present Seoul) and Chuncheon became shorter. Second, they had sound economic basis. Hong Jin-ho owned rice paddies and crop fields at Dongbu- myeon(東府面), Dongsanoi-myeon(東山面) and Buk-myeon(北面). Third, they established good relationships with people in the locality based on their marriage. Hong Jin-ho, the trailblazer, married a lady from the Kim of Seonsan, whose family was elite class and influential in Chuncheon province.
They were listed on the register of county(called, Hyangjungjwamok, 鄕中座目), which was started recording from 1656, so then it can be figured out that they were participated in the community activities as residents. In the Samagye (a kind of fraternity circle or an cooperative) which was organized centering on those persons who passed the licentiate examination (also called Samasi; 司馬試), Hong Hwon played a leading role in order to activate Samagye(司馬稧), having invited Lee Gyeong-seok(李景奭) who took up a temporary abode in Chuncheon to join the meeting, and so forth. Hong Chang-jin wrote the preface of a book dubbed, “Samaso Seonsaengan.” And Hong Eon-cheol examined carefully the Samagye, which was interrupted, and participated the meeting in person and even left poetry.
Hong Eon-cheol(洪彦喆) strived to exchange closely with those erudite figures resided in Chuncheon, other than activities through Samagye or the community organization. He passed the higher civil service examination, however, before appointed as a public officer, he organized a poetry club, called “Mangokdongsa(晩谷同社),” together with six aristocrats. It shall be meaningful in the aspect that Hong Eon-cheol tried to maintain consistent relationship with those elite and erudite figures residing in the locality thinking that Chuncheon was the town he would like to return when retired.

참고자료

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