자율주행 시 차량 시트의 햅틱 피드백 감지 (Detection of Haptic Feedback from the Vehicle Seat during Automated Driving)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한인간공학회
· 수록지 정보 : 대한인간공학회지 / 40권 / 6호 / 443 ~ 452페이지
· 저자명 : 이휘우, 정은영, 박관용, 임영재, 정의승

초록

Objective: The goal of this research is to study the driver's acceptable level of vibration intensity and duration as haptic feedback during conditional automated driving.
Background: Gradually, the driving of a vehicle is being automated, which frees the driver from driving. As various activities become possible as non-driving related activities (NDRAs) in the vehicle, driver's attention level gets lowered and accordingly, visual, auditory, and tactile-based feedback must be properly provided. Unlike visual and auditory information, which can interfere with driver's concentration and confuse situational awareness due to information from many systems, tactile feedback is presented as an important feedback method in a way that can improve the efficiency of information delivery about safety. However, although there are various situations in which the driver is informed of the change of control right in the NDRT (Non- Driving Related Task) situation, there is still a lack of research about the intensity and duration as haptic feedback.
Method: By establishing an experimental environment similar to that of a vehicle, the vibration actuators were placed on the seat in a 2 × 2 arrangement on the seat pan and seat back. The vibration was implemented using Arduino equipment and PWM control. The experiment was conducted by combining the independent variables, the intensity of vibration (1~5V), and the level of stimulation time(1.5s, 2.5s, 3.5s, 4.5s). Dependent variables, Error rate and Preference were selected, and Preference for the seat vibration stimulus position (1. Seat back & pan, 2. Seat back, 3. Seat pan) was investigated. Preferences were all collected on a 7-point likert scale.
Results: Through ANOVA analysis, there were significant differences in the intensity of vibration, stimulation time, and the interaction between the two variables, and there was no significant difference in gender or age. Subjects were able to identify vibrations from 3V, and in the case of stimulation time of 3.5s was the most preferred at 3V and 4V, which recognize most vibrations, and 1.5s and 4.5s had lower preferences.
At 5V, 2.5s was the most preferred, and from 3.5s the preference decreased sharply.
In the case of the vibration stimulation position of the seat, the seat back had the highest preference, and in the case of the seat pan, the preference was very lower than that of the seat back and seat back & pan.
Conclusion: In this study, the minimum level for recognizing the vibration stimulation of the haptic feedback in the vehicle seat and the optimal stimulation time according to the vibration intensity was investigated through experiments, and the range that could accommodate the haptic feedback was derived.
Application: Based on the results of the vibration stimulation level and stimulation time level for the haptic feedback of the vehicle seat in this study, it can be used as a reference index when designing the haptic feedback of the vehicle in the future.

영어초록

Objective: The goal of this research is to study the driver's acceptable level of vibration intensity and duration as haptic feedback during conditional automated driving.
Background: Gradually, the driving of a vehicle is being automated, which frees the driver from driving. As various activities become possible as non-driving related activities (NDRAs) in the vehicle, driver's attention level gets lowered and accordingly, visual, auditory, and tactile-based feedback must be properly provided. Unlike visual and auditory information, which can interfere with driver's concentration and confuse situational awareness due to information from many systems, tactile feedback is presented as an important feedback method in a way that can improve the efficiency of information delivery about safety. However, although there are various situations in which the driver is informed of the change of control right in the NDRT (Non- Driving Related Task) situation, there is still a lack of research about the intensity and duration as haptic feedback.
Method: By establishing an experimental environment similar to that of a vehicle, the vibration actuators were placed on the seat in a 2 × 2 arrangement on the seat pan and seat back. The vibration was implemented using Arduino equipment and PWM control. The experiment was conducted by combining the independent variables, the intensity of vibration (1~5V), and the level of stimulation time(1.5s, 2.5s, 3.5s, 4.5s). Dependent variables, Error rate and Preference were selected, and Preference for the seat vibration stimulus position (1. Seat back & pan, 2. Seat back, 3. Seat pan) was investigated. Preferences were all collected on a 7-point likert scale.
Results: Through ANOVA analysis, there were significant differences in the intensity of vibration, stimulation time, and the interaction between the two variables, and there was no significant difference in gender or age. Subjects were able to identify vibrations from 3V, and in the case of stimulation time of 3.5s was the most preferred at 3V and 4V, which recognize most vibrations, and 1.5s and 4.5s had lower preferences.
At 5V, 2.5s was the most preferred, and from 3.5s the preference decreased sharply.
In the case of the vibration stimulation position of the seat, the seat back had the highest preference, and in the case of the seat pan, the preference was very lower than that of the seat back and seat back & pan.
Conclusion: In this study, the minimum level for recognizing the vibration stimulation of the haptic feedback in the vehicle seat and the optimal stimulation time according to the vibration intensity was investigated through experiments, and the range that could accommodate the haptic feedback was derived.
Application: Based on the results of the vibration stimulation level and stimulation time level for the haptic feedback of the vehicle seat in this study, it can be used as a reference index when designing the haptic feedback of the vehicle in the future.

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