『 帝京歲時紀勝』에 나타난 中國 歲時風俗 考察 (A Study of Chinese Seasonal Rituals reflected on DiJingSuiShiJiSheng)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 온지학회
· 수록지 정보 : 온지논총 / 26호 / 271 ~ 305페이지
· 저자명 : 상기숙

초록

『 제경세시기승』은 한해의 세시풍속을 월별로 다양하게 소개하였으며, 세시행사는 해를 시작하고 마감하는 정월과 12월에 집중되어 있다. 목적은 진경벽사를 추구하며 점차 축제의 성격이 강하다.
전통절일은 13조로 되어 있는데, 대부분 선진에 기원을 두며 관민이 함께 행하고 한해의 상반기에 치중되어 있다. 주요 내용과 성격은 절기의 축하, 제사, 기복⋅기자, 액막이, 오락, 점복, 송구영신 등으로, 특히 아이의 질병에 대한 액막이가 많고, 부녀자를 배려한 여아절이 눈에 띤다. 이들 세시풍속 내용은 각기 속한 절기의 자연환경과 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있다.
종교절일은 모두 23조로 위진남북조에 기원을 두며 역시 관민이 함께 하며 상반기에 치중되어 있다. 대부분 종교⋅역사 인물의 탄신일로 신앙을 통해 기복과 축제의 성격을 지니며 점차 이들 신의 공능은 만능으로 다변화한다. 종교절일은 민간신앙을 바탕으로 도교적 성격이 매우 강하나 도교와 불교, 유교가 혼합되기도 한다.
월내잡사는 10조로 춘추 중월의 석자회; 5월 1일에서 단오까지 이이사의 용주경기; 도성황묘의 묘시; 6월 욕상과 상연, 욕마; 입추우와 풍년, 추상래학; 7월 귀뚜라미 기르기와 각종 가을 소리; 9월 메추라기 싸움과 소금 절인 채소, 야팔출; 10월 훈항과 활활 기르기; 11월 빙상, 활찰, 축국놀이; 12월 시매이다. 특히 이들 세시풍속은 절기의 자연환경을 적극 반영하였다. 금기는 정월, 5월, 9월로 3조이다. 주요 내용은 이사하지 않고 창호지를 바르지 않으며 진경벽사를 목적으로 한다. 즉 한해의 평순, 아이의 질병 예방, 재물을 추구하며 창포와 쑥⋅국화잎으로 제액하고 질병을 치유한다. 9월 이불⋅요를 박음질하거나 빨지 않아 아들 낳기를 기원한다.

영어초록

The paper focuses on the variety of seasonal rituals existed in Beijing during the Qing Dinasty period. It covers a total of 93 rites from January to December according to the lunar calendar and the majority of rites are concentrated on the first and the final month of a year. The paper has selected 49 rites among them with a view to observing the way of behavior and thinking of the common people in China.
The traditional festive days are thirteen occasions: New Year's Day(1.1); the Beginning of Spring; the Dragon-Boat Festival(5.5); the Mid-Autumn Festival(8.15); the Winter Solstice; and others. Almost all of the festive days are celebrated by both government level and people in general. These ceremonies are either for the celebration of the festivity, or for the memorial service. Beside people perform their prayer to have a son or a good fortune and sometimes they consult fortunetellers to be free from bad omens. They also express their good wishes to bid farewell to a year or for a new year to come.
As to the religious festive days, there are a total of twenty three rites, which are commonly concentrated in the first half of the year. These religious festive events are mainly based on the folk belief. One can easily find a strong Taoistic influence, but also a mixture among Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism. The Taoist festive events are thirteen which are among others: Lantern Festival(1.15); Double-Seventh Day(7.7) the Double Ninth Festival(9.9); and ZaoWangJi(12.23). There are also religious festive events in close connection with Taoism and Buddhism. They are eight rituals such as ; YuFoJie(4.8); ZhongYuanJie(7.15); and the Laba rice porridge Festival(12.8), among others. Almost all religious events are taken place in commemoration of the birthday of important religious or historical figures. People get together at the Taoist or Buddhist temples to pay their respect and congratulations through the performance of different dances and plays in order to have their wishes fulfilled. In a sense the religious figures are turned out to be almighty gods.
There are 10 unclassifiable rites of diverse characteristics. In June there are days when people bathe elephants and horses; A day to admire lotus blossoms; In July a day designated to raise crickets; In September a day designated to have quail-fighting; and to preserve vegetables in salt; In October there are events to warm up a house with coal and to raise mole crickets; In November events are organized to have for sleighing, skating and playing soccer games; And in December a market is opened to sell different classes of foods and other materials. There are three taboos in January, May and September respectively. On the period of time of taboos people are advised not to move the house, not to put rice papers on the windows and to conduct prayers to be free from evils if one wishes to have a son.
The seasonal rituals in general are to invite a good fortune and drive away all sorts of mishaps and they are also closely related with the natural environments of the respective season of the year.

참고자료

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