신라 왕경의 인구수에 관한 역사 및 고고학적 고찰 (An Examination of the Number of Population in the Capital of Silla Dynasty: Historical and Archaeological Approaches)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대구사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 대구사학 / 90권 / 1 ~ 37페이지
· 저자명 : 강봉원

초록

This paper examines the number of population in the modern city of Gyeongju, the capital of Silla Dynasty for nearly one thousand years from the middle of the first century B.C. till the middle of the ninth century A.D. The Samguk sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) and the Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms), two old Korean historical documents compiled during the Goryeo Dynasty, carry the information concerning the geographical scope of the capital and the number of households or population within the city during the late 9th century A.D. According to the Samguk yusa, there were 178,936 households in the capital city alone in the ninth century A.D. However, it is almost impossible to accept this account without a caution, because the entire size of the city was only approximately 31.32 km2. This account has been one of the major debating issues for the study of Silla history in general. This historical account was tested against the archaeological data of roads and residential houses excavated in and in the vicinity of Gyeongju. After eliminating various factors such as tumuli park, palace, rivers, mountains, groves, Buddhist temples, and especially roads where no residential houses were built, the city size was reestimated according to the number of grid. The archaeological data were quantified in terms of descriptive statistics to calculate the possible number of population in the city. Taken all this together, this paper argues that the number that appears in the historical document is too big to be that of household and that it should be regarded as the number of population in the city at the end of the ninth century A.D. In addition, archaeological data analysis suggests that quadrant method in urban planning may not generally be adopted in the capital of Silla Dynasty.

영어초록

This paper examines the number of population in the modern city of Gyeongju, the capital of Silla Dynasty for nearly one thousand years from the middle of the first century B.C. till the middle of the ninth century A.D. The Samguk sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) and the Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms), two old Korean historical documents compiled during the Goryeo Dynasty, carry the information concerning the geographical scope of the capital and the number of households or population within the city during the late 9th century A.D. According to the Samguk yusa, there were 178,936 households in the capital city alone in the ninth century A.D. However, it is almost impossible to accept this account without a caution, because the entire size of the city was only approximately 31.32 km2. This account has been one of the major debating issues for the study of Silla history in general. This historical account was tested against the archaeological data of roads and residential houses excavated in and in the vicinity of Gyeongju. After eliminating various factors such as tumuli park, palace, rivers, mountains, groves, Buddhist temples, and especially roads where no residential houses were built, the city size was reestimated according to the number of grid. The archaeological data were quantified in terms of descriptive statistics to calculate the possible number of population in the city. Taken all this together, this paper argues that the number that appears in the historical document is too big to be that of household and that it should be regarded as the number of population in the city at the end of the ninth century A.D. In addition, archaeological data analysis suggests that quadrant method in urban planning may not generally be adopted in the capital of Silla Dynasty.

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