金正喜의 <小遊仙詞> 고찰 (Chusa Kim Jeong-hee's “Soyuseonsa”)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 우리문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 우리문학연구 / 31호 / 239 ~ 261페이지
· 저자명 : 정숙인

초록

유선시는 도교 생활을 반영하고 신선의 세상을 표현하거나 신선의 뜻을 빌려 범속한 정감을 초탈하려는 문학으로, 조선전기부터 중기까지 활발하게 창작된 분야이다. 그러나 조선후기로 접어들면서 유선시는 정형화된 틀과 고착화된 소재로 인해 더 이상 활발한 창작이 이루어지지 못하였다. 조선후기 도가사상은 연암 박지원이 <김신선전>에서 지적하다시피 세상에 뜻을 펴지 못한 자가 신선이라고 할 만큼 허황되거나 기복신앙적 차원에서 명맥만 유지되고 있는 실정이었다.
이러한 시대 상황 하에서 실사구시의 학문자세를 평생토록 유지했던 김정희가 남긴 <소유선사>를 통해 단편적이지만 전통적 유선시와는 다른 조선후기 유선문학의 한 단면을 살펴보았다. 조선중기 전통적 유선시는 시대와 불화했던 지식인들의 좌절과 갈등을 신선세계에 대한 동경이나 신비한 仙遊로 그려냈으나 김정희의 유선시는 사뭇 다르다. 형식적 측면이나 시의 제재적 측면에서는 전통적 유선시를 계승하고 있으나 내용적 측면에서는 김정희만의 유선시가 그려지고 있다. 조선중기의 유선시에서 보이는 초월선계나 지상선계가 아닌 그의 냉철한 현실 인식에 바탕을 둔 인간적이고 현세적인 유선시를 그려내고 있다. 그가 지금 머무는 유배지, 닫힌 공간이 바로 선계이며 이것은 마음에서 비롯되고 있음을 피력하고 있다. 그의 유선시는 전통적 유선시 형식을 계승하여 독자적인 자신의 정신세계를 구축한 새로운 경지를 보이고 있다.

영어초록

As a person of noble family, Chusa Kim Jeong-hee exerted his outstanding talents of liberal arts even when he was young in the late period of Joseon Dynasty. He played a role as bridge in cultural exchanges of Joseon's literati with Ching's ones. Moreover, he was well recognized as a prominent guru of domestic art world in the late period of Joseon Dynasty. However, he got unfortunately involved in his contemporary intense party squabbles, ending up in exile to Jeju Island at his age of 55 till he came back home after his life in 9-year exile. Such a 9-year life in exile was so cruel to him that he almost forgot even his arrogantly intelligent personality with a great pride. It is “Soyuseonsa” that was a fictional work written by Chusa in his life of exile in Jeju Island.
Fairyland poetry was a literary category that demonstrates a world of literary works considered as yearning for hermit or evasion from reality. Fairyland poems were actively authored by many literati from early period to middle period of Joseon Dynasty. However, fairyland poetry did not develop any further with less writings due to its stereotyped framework and fixed materials in the late period of Joseon Dynasty. Taoistic thoughts popularized in the late period of Joseon Dynasty managed to maintain their slender existence as such a wild or fortune-oriented faith that hermit was popularly considered as any person who failed to achieve something meaningful in the world, as pointed out by Yeonam Park Ji-won in his novel titled “Kim Sinseonjeon.”Even in this historical settings, Chusa tried to keep an academic mindset based on scientific and empirical methodology throughout all his lifetime, and “Soyuseonsa” demonstrates even a fragment of his academic approaches based on bibliographical studies. Traditional fairyland poetry popularized in the middle period of Joseon Dynasty used a yearning for fairyland or a mystery of fairyland pleasure like hermit to metaphorically depict the frustration and conflicts of intelligent people who were in discord with their contemporary age. However, Chusa's fairyland poetry was quite different from his preceding one: Indeed, his fairyland is neither a world depicted as world-incompatible refuge for the frustrated any longer, nor a yearning for fairyland of hermits. Rather, his fairyland poetry was thoroughly characterized by human-oriented and worldly poems. But he emphasizes that the very land of his life in exile - as a closed space - is a fairyland and such an acceptance comes from his heart. His fairyland poetry succeeded to traditional forms of fairyland poetry, but revealed a new sphere of his established and independent spiritual world.

참고자료

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