일본의 의무교육비 국고부담제 개혁과 시사점 (Redesigning System of state-subsidized funding for compulsory education in Japan and it's suggestion to Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대한교육법학회
· 수록지 정보 : 교육법학연구 / 18권 / 1호 / 21 ~ 43페이지
· 저자명 : 고전

초록

이 논문은 2005년 10월 26일 중앙교육심의회의 「새 시대의 의무교육을 창조한다」답신에 표방된 의무교육 국고부담제도의 개혁 방안을 검토한 것이다. 지방분권의 기치아래 국가와 지방간의 관계 및 역할의 재정립이 논의되고 있는 가운데 발표된 이 개혁안은 지방교부세 방식을 일괄적으로 재검토하는 ‘삼위일체 개혁’과 지방 6단체가 제안한 ‘지방안’을 반영하는 관점에서 제안된 것이다. 답신은 의무교육비 국고부담제를 ‘교육의 질 향상’ ‘재원확보의 확실성 및 예견 가능성’ ‘지방의 자유도 확대’등의 관점에서 개혁방안을 검토하고 있다. 답신의 요지는 의무교육비 국고부담금이나 공립학교 시설정비비 부담금에 대한 국가 재원 담보를 기반으로 지방의 재량을 확대하는 차원에서 총액 재량제를 내실화 하는 한편, 의무교육표준법 개정을 통한 지방교육의 특수성 반영을 제안하고 있다. 이에 대한 시사점은 교원 인사권 이양 및 국고부담제 재검토 측면에서 논의하였는 바, 현재 한국에서 제기되고 있는 교원봉급 부담 주체 논란과 교원 신분의 지방직화와 관련하여 시사점을 주고 있다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to introduce Redesigning System of state-subsidized funding for compulsory education in Japan and suggest the instruction to Korea. The Central Council for Education has issued a report titled 「Redesigning Compulsory Education for a New Era」(2005.10.26) the product of deliberations conducted in keeping with an agreement between the government and the ruling parties concluded in November 2004. Reform of Japan's compulsory education system will be implemented henceforth on the basis of the recommendations in this report. The Key points of this report are as follows.
1. Approach the improvement and enhancement of compulsory education as an element of national strategy. 2. Implement reforms that decentralize authority and provide greater discretion and latitude to municipalities and schools (such as by transferring authority over personnel and class composition to municipalities). 3. Maintain the central government's responsibility for the basic infrastructure of compulsory education. including courses of study. teacher training. and guaranteed funding. and for the analysis of the educational outcomes including the assessment of academic ability. 4. Maintain Japan's system of state-subsidized funding for compulsory education through national and local burden sharing while further expanding local discretion.
Strategy 1 is to guarantee education quality by setting clear goals and examining outcomes(Clarifying the mission of compulsory education and improving content). Strategy 2 is to develop unshakeable trust in Japan teachers improving. Strategy 3 is to improve the quality of education by giving local authorities and schools more autonomy and encouraging them to innovate(reforming at the school and school-board level). and Strategy 4 is to creating optimum conditions for education. Conclusions of the Central Council for Education are as follows.
1. Even if compulsory education funding were shifted to general-revenue funding. this would not increase local educational autonomy (e.g. flexibility with regard to class composition) as the six organizations suggest(it would only increase the freedom to cut education spending).
2. The kind of education that the six organizations propose can be achieved by increasing the autonomy of municipalities and schools (as recommended in this report).
3. Treating lower secondary school teacher salaries differently from elementary school teacher salaries by shifting the former only to general-revenue funding has no rational basis and is inappropriate.
At the chapter Ⅴ, I criticized the Redesigning System of state-subsidized funding for compulsory education in Japan and suggest the instruction to Korea at five points of view.

참고자료

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