조선총독부의 민족종교 탄압과 제주도 무극대도 사건 (Chosun Government-General's Oppression of Ethnic Religion and Mukukdaedo Incident in Jeju Island)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 바른역사학술원
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 융합 / 6권 / 4호 / 7 ~ 42페이지
· 저자명 : 이덕일

초록

제주도 무극대도교 사건은 일본이 군국주의로 나아가던 1937년에 제주도에서발생한 거대 시국사건이었다. 〈판결문〉에 따르면 이 사건으로 유죄판결을 받은인물은 모두 20명이었다. 이들에게 가장 많이 적용된 죄명은 ‘불경죄’와 ‘보안법’ 이었다. 불경죄는 일왕이 곧 폐위될 것이라고 예견했다는 것이고, 보안법은 일제가 곧 패망하고 조선이 독립된다고 말했다는 것이다. 그 외에 ‘육군·해군형법위반’이 있는데 이는 중일전쟁에서 일본이 패한다고 말했다는 것이다. 이 사건은 일제의 패전과 한국의 독립을 희구했던 독립운동 사건이었는데, 일제는 교주강승태에 대한 일반 국민들의 지지를 차단하기 위해서 ‘사기’ ‘강간치상’ ‘의사(醫 師)규칙 위반’ 등의 사회적 패륜혐의를 뒤집어 씌웠다. 일제는 식민지 한국의 종교를 두 종류로 나누었다. 일본의 국교인 ‘신도’, ‘불교’, ‘기독교’는 종교로 분류해서 총독부 학무국 종교과에서 관할했다. 인간해방, 민족해방, 조국독립을 희구하는 민족종교들은 ‘유사종교’로 분류해서 독립운동가들을 탄압하는 총독부 경무국에서 관할했다. 유사종교로 분류된 종교들은 모두 민족의 해방을 꿈꾸는 민족종교였다.
해방 후에도 일제가 만든 이런 종교 분류가 그대로 받아들여져서 무극대도 사건관련자들은 국가의 서훈에서 배제되었다. 교주 강승태는 6년의 형기를 다 채운 뒤에도 일제가 석방시켜 주지 않을 정도로 요주의 인물로 관장했는데, 그를사이비 교주로 몬 총독부의 시각이 해방 후에도 유지되었기 때문이다.
이제 제주도 무극대도 사건이 1930년대 가장 치열했던 민족해방운동의 하나로 새롭게 자리를 찾아야 할 때이다.

영어초록

The Mugeuk Daedokyo Incident on Jeju Island was a significant incident that occurred on Jeju Island in 1937 when Japan was moving toward militarism.
According to the verdict, 20 people were convicted in this case. The most common crimes they were charged with were “impiety to the Japanese Emperor” and “National security law.” ‘Impiety to the Japanese Emperor” consisted in the fact that they foresaw that the Japanese Emperor would soon be dethroned, and “National security law” was invoked as they said that Japan’s imperialism would soon collapse and Joseon would become independent.
Additionally, Military penal law and Navy penal law were involved as Japan said that it would lose in the Sino-Japanese War. This incident was part of an independence movement that desired the defeat of Japan and Korea's independence. To block the support of the general public for the religious leader Kang Seung-tae, the Japanese government played on social issues such as “fraud,” “rape,” and “violation of doctors’ rules.” charged with immorality.
The Imperial Japanese divided the religions of colonial Korea into two types. Japan’s state religions, “Shinto” and “Buddhism,” and “Christianity,” were classified as religions and administered by the Religious Division of the Academic Affairs Bureau of the Japanese Government-General of Korea.
Ethnic religions that desired human liberation, national liberation, and national independence were classified as “similar religions,” and were controlled by the Government-General’s Police Bureau, which suppressed independence activists.
Religions classified as pseudo-religions were all ethnic religions that dreamed of national liberation.
Even after the liberation of Korea, this religious classification made by the Japanese was accepted as it was, and those involved in the Mugeukdaedo incident were excluded from the national conferment of a decoration. Kang Seung-tae, the leader of the Mugeuk Daedokyo, was treated as a person of interest to the point that even after serving his six-year sentence, the Japanese Empire would not release him, because the view of the Japanese Government- General, who treated him as a pseudo religious leader, was maintained even after liberation.
Now is the time to frame the Mugeukdaedo incident on Jeju Island as one of the fiercest national liberation movements of the 1930s.

참고자료

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