조선시대 강화도 馬牧場의 置廢와 戰馬의 생산 (The Deployment and Dismantlement of horses ranch and the production of war horses in Ganghwa-do during the period of Choseon)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국방부군사편찬연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 군사 / 93호 / 105 ~ 136페이지
· 저자명 : 이홍두

초록

조선을 건국한 직후 명나라가 제주목장을 소유하려고 하자, 태종은 戰馬 생산의 어려움을 예상하고, 제주목장의 우수한 종자말 100필을 강화도 吉祥山에 방목하였다. 2년 뒤 동왕 15년(1415)에는 둘레 60리의 吉祥牧場을 설치하였다. 세종은 동왕 7년(1425)에 鎭江牧場을 설치하고, 동왕 9년(1417)에는 吉祥牧場과 鎭江牧場을 합쳐 담을 쌓았다. 세종은 강화도 전체를 목장화하는 정책을 추진했는데, 조정 관료들은 세종의 안을 지지하는 徙民論과 목장에 담장을 쌓아 백성들을 머물게 하자는 築墻論으로 나뉘어 6년간 대립하였다. 세조는 吉祥場, 鎭江場, 中場의 세 목장을 鎭江牧場으로 통합하고 마니산 서쪽에 北一牧場을 건설함으로써 마목장 운영체계를 확립하였다 세종은 사민론이 관료들의 반대로 무산되자, 강화도 부속섬에 마목장을 설치하였다. 부속섬 마목장은 煤音島牧場, 信島牧場, 長烽島牧場, 彌法島牧場, 注文島牧場, 保音島牧場, 位島牧場, 松家島牧場, 今音北島牧場, 席毛老島牧場 등 총 16개가 있다. 특히 매음도목장은 고려시대에 설치되었고, 장봉도목장은 胡馬를 다량으로 산출하였으며, 매음도목장, 송가도목장, 금음북도목장, 석모노도목장은 4개의 독립된 섬이었지만, 상류의 예성강, 임진강, 한강에서 내려온 토사로 한 개의 섬으로 이어졌다.
강화도 마목장의 폐지는 성종대에 처음으로 제기되었는데, 마목장을 屯田으로 전환하는 형식이었다. 연산군과 중종대에는 세력가들이 마목장을 점유하는 경우가 증대하였으며, 임진왜란 때는 전국의 마목장 대부분이 일본군 수중에 들어갔지만, 강화도 마목장을 지킨 결과 戰馬를 보급하여 왜군을 격퇴할 수 있었다. 병자호란 이후 강화도를 수도 한양의 요새지로 삼기위해 거주민에게 토지를 지급할 수밖에 없었다. 따라서 숙종은 경작지 확대를 위해 진강목장과 북일목장을 차례로 폐지하였다.

영어초록

Immediately after the founding of the Choseon Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty tried to acquire and own the ranches in Jeju Island. The breeding of war horses were assumed to be so difficult that the Emperor Taizong decided to move 100 superior stallions from the Jeju ranch to the uninhabited area of Ganghwa-do for grazing. Two years later, in the 15th year of Emperor Dong, the emperor constructed Gilsung Ranch with the circumference of 60 li(unit of distance, around 0.4km) in the year of 1415. In the seventh year of King Sejong's reign (1425), Jingahng Ranch was built. In his nineth year(1417), Gilsung and Jingahng Ranch were combined and a wall fence were constructed around it. It was around the time when King Sejong was pushing for a policy to make the entire Ganghwa area a horses ranch. In spite of the King Sejong's decision, the government of Choseon was divided into two parts according to the theories. The first one is on how to make the people stay by building a fence around the ranch, the second one is the theory that supports the inside of King Sejong, he had been in conflict for six years. By integrating the three Corral Ranch West Mani mountain, King Sejo had made the development of Ma ranch management. Opposition Social Democratic theory of bureaucracy to claim the shrinkage length theory went blank, Sejong built a Ganghwa island including Emma ranch.
In addition to Susu-on Loading image, Shin Loading image, pine house Loading image, Ma ranch attached island lmaotokita Loading image. There are Ma ranch of the total 16 Sekikero such as Loading image Ranch was installed in Goryeo era prostitution. In particular, Mono Ranch was built during the Kyoro Dynasty. Jangbong Ranch produced Tarpan horses. During the Japanese Invasion of Korea (Imjin War), the nation's Ma Ranch were under the control of the Japanese army. However, the results of protecting the ranch in Ganghwa-do were that the war horses were contributed to drive back foreign armies.
If you want to occupy the ranch, Seryokuga was increasing in the period of king Jungjong and yanshan -kun. Most of Ma ranches across the country entered the water path of the Japanese army. At the time of turbulent Mizunoetatsu (Imjinwaeran) Choseon dynasty was able to repel the Japanese Yamato army by setting the defensive conditions by establishing ranch at Gwanghwa-do. Heyco looked after suspiciously, he had no choice but to grant land to the residents because it would suspicious to Heyco who had a fortress view of the Hanyang and Gangwa. Therefore the King Sukjing abolished the order for Jinjiang Ranch for the expansion of more cultivated land.

참고자료

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