前期陶質土器時期 金海 大成洞古墳群의 年代 (The Chronology of Tombs in Daeseong-dong in the Age of The early Dojil Pottery)

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초록

대성동고분군은 금관가야 왕들의 묘역이고, 금관가야의 전성기는 도질토기가 대형목곽묘에 부장되는 시기이다. 따라서 도질토기시기의 대성동고분군의 연대는 금관가야 고분유적의 연대설정의 기준이 된다.
대성동고분군의 상대연대는 부장토기들 중 형식변화가 명확한 파수부노형기대와 고배를 발생순서배열법으로 설정하였다. 파수부노형기대는 크게 외반·직립구연파수부노형기대로 구분하고, 고배는 외절구연·직선구연·유개식고배로 크게 나누어 검토한 결과 파수부노형기대가 출토되는 대형목곽묘는 여섯 단계로 설정되었다. 시간축의 검증은 무덤간 중복현상을 통해 파수부노형기대와 고배의 형식 간 선후관계를통해 이루어졌고, 복천동고분군과의 비교를 통해 세부편년에 대해 교차 검증하였다. 절대연대는 중원과 북방산 위세품을 교차 비교한 결과 Ⅲ단계는 4세기2/4분기, Ⅳ단계는 4세기3/4분기, Ⅵ단계는 5세기1/4분기로 상정되고, 각 단계별로 25년의 격차를 둔다.
2단투창교호고배가 출토되는 93호분 목곽묘의 연대를 앞 단계의 토기들과 비교한 결과, 93호분은 목곽묘 Ⅵ단계에 바로 후속하는 목곽묘 Ⅶ단계에 해당하며, 5세기2/4분기로 상정된다.
목곽묘 Ⅰ단계는 도질토기와 파수부노형기대가 처음으로 등장한다. Ⅲ단계가 되어서야 전 기종에서 도질제가 나타난다. Ⅳ단계에 유개2단투창고배, 발형기대, 통형기대, 유개대부호 등 다양한 기종이 등장하고, 삼각집선문과 콤파스문이 시문된 노형기대가 대형묘에 부장된다. Ⅵ단계에 가야토기의 정수인 유개장경호와 발형기대의 조합이 만들어지고, 유충문이 등장한다. 이후 Ⅶ단계가 되면 Ⅵ단계의 토기를 계승한토기들이 계속 만들어지고 새로운 형식의 고배가 나타난다. 그리고 Ⅵ단계와 Ⅶ단계의 대성동고분군의 토기양식이 창녕 동리7호묘 토기 제작에 영향을 끼쳤을 가능성이 높다

영어초록

The Daeseong-dong Tumuli are located in the burial place of kings of Geumgwan Gaya. The study of grave goods reveals that Dojil pottery buried in large wooden chamber tombs reflect her heyday, hence the chronological dating of ancient tombs of the kingdom heavily relies upon the analysis of the period of Dojil pottery.
The relative dating of the tombs in this area is used to arrange a variety of burial pottery, braziershaped stands with handles and mounted dishes, in chronological order. Brazier-shaped stands with handles are subdivided into two types: stands with an outward rolled rims and with upright mouths, and mounted dishes into three types: dishes with an outward bent rims, with an upright mouths, and with lids. This categorization of pottery found in large wooden chamber tombs suggests the several different periods of burial practices in wooden chamber tombs - six periods in this paper. With the comparison between pottery found in this area and those in Bokcheondong burial mounds, the analysis of differences between two super-categories of pottery provides a detailed chronology of burial pottery in the tombs. For example, based upon a comparative analysis with prestige goods imported from the central and northern regions of China, the absolute dating of burial materials gives a result that the third period of the tombs refers to the second quarter of the fourth century, and next three periods cover every 25 years from the third quarter of the fourth century to the first quarter of the fifth century.
On the other hand, the chronological comparison between double layered mounted dishes with holes on its stand found in Tomb No. 39 and other pottery buried earlier reveals that the Tomb was built during the seventh period, the second quarter of the fifth century.
Dojil pottery and brazier-shaped stands with handles were discovered for the first time in the first period of wooden chamber tombs. It was no later than the third period to see all kinds of pottery which were produced in unglazed style throughout tombs. The fourth period shows a variety of pottery including not only double layered mounted dishes with holes on its stand and lids, bowl stands, cylinder-shaped pottery stands, and lidded mounted jars, but also brazier-shaped pottery stands in which triangle and stripe patterns and circular compass patterns are inscribed discovered from large tombs. During the sixth period the typical pottery style of Gaya, like lidded long-necked jars and bowl stands on which larva patterns ingrained, was invented. From the seventh period, pottery continued to develop and created the new style of mounted dishes. The pottery style made during the sixth and seventh periods would have influenced burial vessels in Tomb No. 7 in Dongri, Changnyeong.

참고자료

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