고려 원종대 대원(對元) 교섭에서의 ‘송(宋)’의 의미 (The Meaning of the Song Dynasty in the Diplomatic Negotiations with the Yuan Empire During the Reign of King Wonjong of the Goryeo Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사문화학회
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초록

고려가 원측의 추궁을 피하려 일종의 핑계로 남송을 거론하곤 했던 점은 기왕의 연구에서 언급된 바 있다. 본고에서는 원종대 고려정부가 몽골 원조를 상대하는 과정에서 ‘남송’이라는 변수를 어떻게 활용하였는지를 살펴보고자 하였다.
원종은 몽골의 본격적인 압박과 간섭에 직면한 국왕으로서, 원의 여러 압박으로부터 고려를 지켜 내는 것에 주력하였다. 남송이라는 존재를 이용, 이미 존재하지 않았던 ‘고려와 남송 간의 제휴’ 가능성을 제기하는 전략을 취한 것도 그 일환이었다고 할 수 있다. 남송선박의 한반도 방문에 대한 쿠빌라이의 추궁, 원종의 답변, 원제국 문인의 문집에 묘사된 원 관료들과 고려인 이장용의 대화 등을 통해 그를 확인할 수 있다.
고려의 국왕과 신료가 복수의 기회를 통해 ‘고려와 남송이 언제든 유대할 수 있다’는 가능성을 몇 년간 몽골조정에 지속적으로 주입시킴으로써, 고려에 대한 몽골의 압박을 새로운 각도에서 헤쳐 나가고자 했음이 흥미롭다. 이러한 모습들에 대한 주목을 통해, 고려-원제국 관계 형성기의 여러 모습들을 재평가해 볼 필요가 있다.

영어초록

King Wonjong of Goryeo inherited from his father Gojong a specific situation in which the Southern Sung was no longer a relevant entity as a potential ally or at least a counterpart to be expected in a diplomatic relationship. Merchants or naval vessels either sporadically visiting or passing by the Korean peninsula were mere objects of concern in the eyes of the Goryeo government, and the Chinese authorities in the harbor regions of the Jiangnan region were not so interested in maintaining exchanges with the Goryeo dynasty. The entire Southern Sung was put under heavy fire in its conflict with the Mongol Yuan empire, and was anything but a probable ally to Goryeo which was fighting with the Mongols itself. Economic trades with Southern Sung only meant more materials (that came from China) to be obfuscated by the Mongols. To Goryeo, Southern Sung was no longer an option to pursue in diplomatic terms.
Under such circumstances, Wonjong came to face interference and intervention by the Mongol Yuan government. The highest priority of the Wonjong government became protecting the interests of Goryeo from such interference. There was nothing the leaders of the Goryeo dynasty would not consider in achieving such goal. So, Southern Sung suddenly became a leverage in Goryeo’s strategy dealing with the Mongols. The Mongol Yuan government was in desperate need of Goryeo’s cooperation in launching its campaign in China and Japan. And for that very reason it was also deeply concerned that Goryeo would try to break away from Yuan’s clutches and form a relationship with China, as it had done in the past. Noticing such concern and Yuan’s own busy timetable, Wonjong, while denying any possibility or intention of forming a relationship with the Southern Sung whenever Yuan would accuse it for scheming behind Yuan’s back, seemingly intentionally had one of his closest officials (in this case Yi Jang-yong) leak some official statements that would arouse Yuan’s suspicion, while himself excluding in a report a crucial incident that occurred between Goryeo and Sung that could have easily nullified Yuan’s suspicion of Goryeo. Such orchestrated efforts seem to have been a campaign of ‘disinformation’, designed to keep Yuan on its toes, force the Mongols to back off from making unilateral threats and demands, and most importantly, delay the Japanese campaign for several years.

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