한국사회의 다문화화에 대한 교육학적 성찰 (Educational Reflection on the Multiculturalization of the Korean Society)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국교육철학학회
· 수록지 정보 : 교육철학연구 / 44호 / 113 ~ 137페이지
· 저자명 : 정영근

초록

한국 사회가 다문화화 하는 데 결정적 요인이 된 것은 이주 근로자들과 결혼 이민자들이지만 그 외에도 우리 사회 안의 다문화성을 논의하기 위해서는 감춰진 이웃이라 할 수 있는 화교와 혼혈인 그리고 더 나아가 북한탈출 입국자 또한 고려해야 한다. 그런데 외국에서 유입된 문화적 소수자를 중심으로 사회의 다문화화를 고찰하고 이해하려는 시각은 한국 특유의 상황에 따른 접근방식이다. 한국 사회 다문화화의 직접적 계기가 외국인 이주 근로자의 유입 및 결혼 이민자의 증가에 따른 사회통합문제를 해결하기 위한 다문화주의 담론의 형성과 밀접한 관계가 있기는 하지만, 이러한 변화 자체는 글로벌 경제교류 및 전 세계적으로 대량 소비되는 문화상품으로 인한 지역문화의 탈지역화와 지구적 차원의 문화동질화 현상을 야기하는 지구화(globalization)의 맥락에서 이해될 필요도 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 한국사회 다문화화의 직접적 동인이 무엇인지 논의하면서 이를 지구화의 관점에서 설명하고자 한다. 그 다음에는 사회의 다문화화에 따른 교육정책당국과 학계의 대응이 어떠했는지 그 현황을 파악하여 비판적으로 평가할 것이다. 이어서 다문화적 사회상황에서 인간의 삶이 교육학적으로 구상되어야 할 필요성을 논의하기 위해 다문화교육의 이론적 전제가 되는 상호문화성과 상호문화능력 개념을 제시하고 다문화교육의 실천적 과제를 언급하게 된다. 이 글은 한국사회의 다문화화에 대한 교육학적 성찰을 통해 일반교육의 성격을 지닌 상호(다)문화교육이 궁극적으로는 국민 모두에게 필요한 기초교육이 되었음을 제시하고자 한다.

영어초록

The republic of Korea is experiencing the social and economical effect due to the global change. In terms of the workforce, it is going through the sea change by becoming a nation of emigration from immigration. As of August 2007, foreign residents have reached more than 1,000,000 including short-term foreign population. Thus, the total population of foreign residents composes of 2% of legally registered population. Migrant workers and women immigrants by marriage are the central reasons of Korea’s multiculturalism. In addition, Korean Chinese, who are the unseen neighbors among us, multiracial people, and North Korean refugees are the increasing flow of multiculturalism. Our perspectives to observe and understand multiculturalism through the flow of incoming population that are cultural minority reflect Korea’s unique situation.
Although the aforementioned factors, the influx of foreign workforce and immigration through marriage, may be closely related to the formation of multi-cultural discussion in an effort to solve problems for social union, it also needs to be understood in the context of globalization that was induced by global economy and cultural byproduct immensely consumed worldwide. Our government policy and educational policy offered by groups of people are generally focused on matters that are caused by women immigrants by marriage or multicultural families. These policies tend to show an approach to assimilate Korean society.
Educational perspectives and research focus on the social needs and applications as a civil education. And the majority of the researchers’ majors are Educational Sociology or Social Studies Education. However, when we approach multiculturalism and/or multicultural education, it is vital that we understand culture as a whole that is not given to oneself, rather it is one’s act of lifetime development through continuous interactions with others. In the multicultural education, our profound understanding of relations among various cultures that can embrace the concept of interculturality is pivotal.
Multicultural education based on the idea of interculturality can be seen as something that is constructed on a basis of equality and mutual respect so that one can play a role as a multicultural citizen. In other words, it is a formation of intercultural competence. As an effort to understand a set of concepts defined as intercultural competence, we can consider the concept of empathy, a formation of solidarity, multicultural education at preschool age, the respect and understanding of other cultures, and providing educational curricular reflecting multicultural perspectives.
From this discussion, we can see the need to understand multicultural education that can address the multiculturalism in our society from the perspectives of general education. Thus, it behooves us to experience and discuss topics and knowledge regarding multiculturalism, and it is important for all of us to develop an education from preschool to middle and high school that can foster intercultural competence early on. It can be seen as a novel try and effort in the frame of interculturalism and interculturality in the global era to understand the concept of humanity through interactions among diverse individualities that have been indispensable elements to appreciate education through an anthropological-ontological perspective.

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