다문화주의에서 ‘문화전쟁’으로 ― 네덜란드 이주민 통합 문제 ― (From Multiculturalism to War of Culture: on the Development of Dutch Integration Policies)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 이화여자대학교 이화사학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 이화사학연구 / 35호 / 59 ~ 82페이지
· 저자명 : 주경철

초록

This article traces the recent development of Dutch integration policies. Traditionally, the Dutch society has been renowned for its tolerant attitude towards foreigners, but since the 1990s witnessed serious “Islam problems.” The Dutch seem to take a more and more nationalistic and even aggressive attitude toward Muslims of Turkish and Moroccan origins. A majority of politicians and opinion leaders affirm that the Dutch integration policy based upon multiculturalism has failed, and urge severe restriction in order to prevent the “Islamic invasion.” This trend has been reinforced since the 9/11 incident, and especially the assassinations of Pim Fortuyn, right-wing politician, and Theo van Gogh, famous film maker of provocative and anti-islamic inclination. The integration problem shows characteristic features in the Dutch society in contrast to other European countries, in that it is focused on cultural identity issues, and finally reduced to the question of gender equality. Radical populist parties call Islam a “backward culture”, especially because of the culturally legitimized violence against women (forced marriage, honor killing, and above all, sexual organ mutilation) by the Islamic religion. The Dutch government launched a new program for immigrants stipulated by Wet Inburgering Niewkomers(Newcomer Integration Law), including language courses and civic education. This program is, however, not intended to provide immigrants help for rapid integration, but rather to intimidate them into renouncing immigration. This paper maintains that the recent Dutch policy is not based upon racism as it seems, but a specific type of militant liberalism. It has its ideological roots in the 'liberalism of fear' of Montesqieu, which tries to preserve western values in erecting firm boundaries in defence of European civilization. But we should pay attention to the existence of different trends in the Dutch society, such as consistent efforts to keep a tolerant posture toward Muslims.

영어초록

This article traces the recent development of Dutch integration policies. Traditionally, the Dutch society has been renowned for its tolerant attitude towards foreigners, but since the 1990s witnessed serious “Islam problems.” The Dutch seem to take a more and more nationalistic and even aggressive attitude toward Muslims of Turkish and Moroccan origins. A majority of politicians and opinion leaders affirm that the Dutch integration policy based upon multiculturalism has failed, and urge severe restriction in order to prevent the “Islamic invasion.” This trend has been reinforced since the 9/11 incident, and especially the assassinations of Pim Fortuyn, right-wing politician, and Theo van Gogh, famous film maker of provocative and anti-islamic inclination. The integration problem shows characteristic features in the Dutch society in contrast to other European countries, in that it is focused on cultural identity issues, and finally reduced to the question of gender equality. Radical populist parties call Islam a “backward culture”, especially because of the culturally legitimized violence against women (forced marriage, honor killing, and above all, sexual organ mutilation) by the Islamic religion. The Dutch government launched a new program for immigrants stipulated by Wet Inburgering Niewkomers(Newcomer Integration Law), including language courses and civic education. This program is, however, not intended to provide immigrants help for rapid integration, but rather to intimidate them into renouncing immigration. This paper maintains that the recent Dutch policy is not based upon racism as it seems, but a specific type of militant liberalism. It has its ideological roots in the 'liberalism of fear' of Montesqieu, which tries to preserve western values in erecting firm boundaries in defence of European civilization. But we should pay attention to the existence of different trends in the Dutch society, such as consistent efforts to keep a tolerant posture toward Muslims.

참고자료

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