1960년대 정치세력의 통일논의 전개와 성격 (Development and Character of the Unification Discussions among Political Groups in the 1960s)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고려사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓國史學報 / 50호 / 213 ~ 247페이지
· 저자명 : 이주봉

초록

By tracing the changes in the unification theory adopted by the Park Chung-hee government and opposition parties in the 1960s in the aftermath of the May 16th Military Coup of 1961 and connecting the April Resistance of 1960 to the active unification policy of the Park Chung-hee government in the 1970s, this study reveals the characteristics and periodic significance of the unification theory adhered to in the 1960s.
Based on the principle of unification through victory over communism, the Park Chung-hee government and the conservative opposition parties agreed to focus on economic development first and unification later. They were also of the same mindset with regards to the holding of a general election under the auspices of the UN. However, cracks began to emerge in the unification theory of the conservative parties following the emergence of a new debate over unification created by the Democratic Socialist Party's calls for inter-Korean exchanges during the political reorganization process of 1966 that occurred a year prior to the Presidential and National Assembly elections.


Increasingly critical of the government's use of the Anti- Communist Law to control the debate over unification, conservative opposition parties began to call for modifications to the holding of a general election under the auspices of the UN and the establishment of limited inter-Korean exchanges. The government partially modified the notion of holding a general election under the auspices of the UN, and increasingly advocated the gradual reunification theory that would become the norm from the late 1970s onwards. However, the debate over unification amongst political groups during this period clearly exposed the limitations of politics in the 1960s, a period in which the true intention was to grasp political power rather than prepare realistic measures for unification.


This study successfully showed a clear link between the unification theory and discussions on unification among political groups in the 1960s and the April Resistance of 1960. Moreover, it also shed light on the intrinsic causes of the Park Chung-hee government's active unification policy of the 1970s. The Park Chung-hee government's volte-face in terms of its unification policy in the 1970s was spurred by external changes in the political landscape and the advent of the spirit of detente within a South Korean society that supported the calls for inter-Korean exchanges that began in the late 1960s. Furthermore, the tacit agreement within Korean society regarding the existence of two Koreas and the decline of the significance of a general election under the auspices of the UN during the late 1960s eventually paved the way for the Declaration for Peace and Unification on June 23, 1973. This in turn not only concertized the existence of two Koreas, but also facilitated the North and South's simultaneous joining of the UN.

영어초록

By tracing the changes in the unification theory adopted by the Park Chung-hee government and opposition parties in the 1960s in the aftermath of the May 16th Military Coup of 1961 and connecting the April Resistance of 1960 to the active unification policy of the Park Chung-hee government in the 1970s, this study reveals the characteristics and periodic significance of the unification theory adhered to in the 1960s.
Based on the principle of unification through victory over communism, the Park Chung-hee government and the conservative opposition parties agreed to focus on economic development first and unification later. They were also of the same mindset with regards to the holding of a general election under the auspices of the UN. However, cracks began to emerge in the unification theory of the conservative parties following the emergence of a new debate over unification created by the Democratic Socialist Party's calls for inter-Korean exchanges during the political reorganization process of 1966 that occurred a year prior to the Presidential and National Assembly elections.


Increasingly critical of the government's use of the Anti- Communist Law to control the debate over unification, conservative opposition parties began to call for modifications to the holding of a general election under the auspices of the UN and the establishment of limited inter-Korean exchanges. The government partially modified the notion of holding a general election under the auspices of the UN, and increasingly advocated the gradual reunification theory that would become the norm from the late 1970s onwards. However, the debate over unification amongst political groups during this period clearly exposed the limitations of politics in the 1960s, a period in which the true intention was to grasp political power rather than prepare realistic measures for unification.


This study successfully showed a clear link between the unification theory and discussions on unification among political groups in the 1960s and the April Resistance of 1960. Moreover, it also shed light on the intrinsic causes of the Park Chung-hee government's active unification policy of the 1970s. The Park Chung-hee government's volte-face in terms of its unification policy in the 1970s was spurred by external changes in the political landscape and the advent of the spirit of detente within a South Korean society that supported the calls for inter-Korean exchanges that began in the late 1960s. Furthermore, the tacit agreement within Korean society regarding the existence of two Koreas and the decline of the significance of a general election under the auspices of the UN during the late 1960s eventually paved the way for the Declaration for Peace and Unification on June 23, 1973. This in turn not only concertized the existence of two Koreas, but also facilitated the North and South's simultaneous joining of the UN.

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