1802년 장용영의 혁파와 영향 (The Jang’yong-yeong office’s dismantlement in 1802, and the implications)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 현실 / 107호 / 191 ~ 230페이지
· 저자명 : 박범

초록

장용영의 혁파는 정조 사후 정치 세력의 변동이라는 배경 속에서 진행되었다. 순조의 즉위로 정조 연간 경험하지 못한 장용영의 재정 지출이 시행되었다. 장용영의 활용은 정조대와는 많이 달라졌다. 순조 초반 가장 큰 경제적 화두는 내시노비 혁파였다. 정조 연간 여러 차례 논의된 내시노비 혁파는 결국 정조 연간 마무리되지 못하였다. 정순왕후는 계지술사의 명분을 들어 혁파를 단행하였다. 문제는 혁파 이후 급대 문제를 어떻게 해결할 것인가에 있었다. 정순왕후는 장용영의 재원을 활용하고자 하였고 정조의 명분을 끌어들여 결국 장용영을 혁파시켰다. 장용영을 바라보는 인식이 정조대와 순조대가 달랐음을 알 수 있다. 장용영이 혁파되자 호조와 선혜청은 막대한 재원을 확보할 수 있었다. 그러나 오래가지 못했다. 1810년을 전후로 재정 부족문제가 불거졌다. 호조는 소모성 지출로 장용영 재원을 모두 소비해버렸다. 군제도 크게 다르지 않았다. 군병 확보를 위한 재원을 마련하지 못하자 군영 확대로 이어지지 못했다. 결국 19세기에 남겨진 것은 장용영으로 상징되는 왕권 강화의 이미지 뿐이었다.

영어초록

In the wake of political switches between leading parties after King Jeongjo’s death, the Jang’yong-yeong headquarters was abolished. Examined in this article is how it was treated in the early years of King Sunjo’s reign, and how it was dismantled.
After King Sunjo was enthroned, the Jang’yong-yeong headquarters were ordered to spend a lot of money, in amounts it had never actually spent before (during King Jeongjo’s reign for example). The government’s policy concerning the headquarters was apparently shifting. The biggest economic issue in the early years of King Sunjo’s reign was the abolishment of the Naeshi-affiliated Slave figures. The issue (to free them) was discussed for more than a few times during Jeongjo’s reign, but never came to fruition before the king’s demise. After Jeongjo’s death, Queen Jeongsun wanted to close the matter for good, claiming the will of the former king, and went ahead with the abolishment. The problem was how to resolve the salary issue after abandoning the practice of treating them as slaves. Queen Jeongsun wanted to use the budget of the Jang’yong-yeong headquarters to pay for it, and citing Jeongjo’s will she shut down the headquarters, displaying a blatantly different view on the Jang’yong-yeong headquarters.
With Jang’yong-yeong gone, the Ministry of Revenue(Hojo) and the Seon’hye-cheong office were both able to secure a large amount of resource, but not before long (around the 1810s) they ran out of their budgets again. For example, the Hojo Ministry spent all the money diverted from the late Jang’yong-yeong headquarters in irretrievable expenditure. And as new resources to recruit soldiers were never secured, no new military headquarters were either conceived. Coming into the 19th century, only remained was the image of Jang’yong-yeong, which had once served as one of the guardians of the kings’ ruling authority.

참고자료

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