대한제국기 ~ 식민지기 탑골공원의 운용과 활용 (The Operation and Utilization of Ta p g o l Park during the Era of the Empire of Korea and the Colonial Period)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서울시립대학교 서울학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 서울학연구 / 91호 / 1 ~ 40페이지
· 저자명 : 최인영, 박희용

초록

이 논문은 대한제국기~식민지기 탑골공원이 어떻게 활용되었는지를 살펴본 것이다. 탑골공원은 대한제국기에 조성된 후 식민지기 동안에도 조선인의 공원 으로 활용되었지만, 시기별로 탑골공원에 대한 활용방식은 다르게 나타났다.
탑골공원 터에는 조선 초기 흥복사라는 사찰이 있었고 세조대에 원각사가 창 건되었지만 성종대 이후 폐허가 되어 민가가 빼곡이 들어섰다. 이후 대한제국 정 부는 원각사지십층석탑을 중심으로 공원을 조성하였다. 공원 안에는 팔각정이 세워지고 대한제국 군악대가 연주하면서 공원의 모습을 갖추어갔지만, 당시의 탑골공원은 대한제국 정부가 소유한 황실 공원이었다.
1910년에는 탑골공원의 관할권이 조선총독부로 이관되면서 1911년 일요일에 만 개방되다가 1913년에 전면 공개되었다. 공원 내부에는 일본식 정원과 정자, 유리온실과 연못, 휴게소 등이 조성되고 매점과 카페가 들어섰다.
하지만 1919년 3·1운동이 탑골공원의 팔각정에서 시작되자, 이후 탑골공원은 3·1운동이 시작된 역사적 장소가 되었다. 이로 인해 1920년대 탑골공원은 식민 당국의 감시 대상이 되었다. 1926년에는 조선총독부 체신국에서 조선인 전용 무 선라디오의 실험방송을 실시할 장소로 선정한 점에서 당시 탑골공원이 조선인의 공원으로 인식되었음을 알 수 있다.
1932년 탑골공원의 관할권을 인수한 경성부는 ‘조선인 부민의 공원’이 탑골공 원임을 강조하면서 아동을 위한 놀이터를 만들어 공원의 이용대상을 확대하였 다. 또한 팔각정에서 석가탄신일 기념행사가 개최되면서 탑골공원은 조선인들의 휴식과 놀이, 행사 등이 진행되는 도시공원으로 기능하였다. 물론 중일전쟁 발발 이후에는 시국강연회와 전몰장병위령제, 출정군인가족위로회가 개최되었다.
이처럼 대한제국기에 조성된 탑골공원은 식민지기 동안 조선총독부와 경성부 로 운영주체가 변경되면서 이용대상과 활용방법이 달라졌다. 식민지기 동안 조 선인의 공원이었던 탑골공원은 1910년대 조선총독부의 운영으로 대한제국기 공 원의 모습이 변형되었으나, 1920년대에 3·1운동의 발발로 민족의 공원으로 인 식되었고, 1932년 이후에는 조선인의 도시공원으로 활용되었다.

영어초록

This article reviews how Tapgol Park was utilized between the Empire of Korea and the Japanese colonial period. Tapgol Park was created during the era of the Empire of Korea and was used as a park for Joseon people during the colonial period. But its utilization was differ- ent for each period.
On the site of Tapgol Park, there was a Buddhist temple called Heungboksa Buddhist Temple in the early Joseon Dynasty, and Wongaksa Buddhist Temple was built during the reign of King Sejo, but after the reign of King Seongjong, it was in ruins and houses were filled, instead. Since then, the government of the Empire of Korea created a park centered on the ten-story stone pagoda on the site of Wongaksa. As an octagonal pavilion(Palgakjeong) was built inside the park and the military band of the Empire of Korea played marches, it took the shape of a park. However, at that time, Tapgol Park was land owned by the Korean Empire government.
In 1910, as the jurisdiction of Tapgol Park was transferred to the Japanese Government- General of Korea, it was open only on Sundays in 1911 and was fully opened to the public in 1913. A Japanese-style garden, a pavilion, a glass greenhouse, a pond, and a rest area were built inside the park, along with a shop and cafe.
However, when the March 1st Independence Movement began in 1919 at the Pal- gakjeong in Tapgol Park, Tapgol Park became a historical place where the March 1st Move- ment began. As a result, Tapgol Park was subject to surveillance by the colonial authorities. In 1926, the Post Office of the Governor-General of Korea selected Tapgol Park to conduct experimental wireless radio broadcasting exclusively for Koreans, indicating that Tapgol Park was recognized as a park for Koreans at that time.
Gyeongseong-bu(京城府), which took over the jurisdiction of Tapgol Park in 1932, ex- panded the use of the park by creating a playground for children, emphasizing that the ‘park of the Korean people’ was Tapgol Park. In addition, as the Buddha’s birthday celebration was held at Palgakjeong Pavilion, Tapgol Park functioned as a city park where Korean people could relax, play, and hold events. In addition, after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War, lectures on the current situation, memorial ceremonies for fallen soldiers, and consolation parties for the families of war veterans were held, as well.
The operator of Tapgol Park, which was built during the era of the Korean Empire, was changed to the Governor-General of Korea and the Gyeongseong-bu during the colonial period, and its users and utilization were also changed. Tapgol Park was for the Korean people during the colonial period, but it was transformed from its original form in the Ko- rean Empire era due to the operation of the Joseon Governor-General in the 1910s; it was recognized as a park of the Koreans. due to the outbreak of the March 1st Independence Movement, and after 1932, it was used as an urban park for Koreans.

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