에도(江戸)의 정원수 가게와 교쿠테이 바킨(曲亭馬琴)의 원예생활 (The Gardening Life of The Gardener in Edo and Kyokutei Bakin)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 일본연구 / 95호 / 179 ~ 201페이지
· 저자명 : 김미진

초록

江戸は園芸都市といっても過言ではない。将軍から賜った江戸の大名宅には広い庭園があり、武士はこの庭園に植物を植えて華やかに飾ることが権威を示すものであった。また、こうした園芸への関心は武士の階級に限られたのではなく庶民層にまで広まって、江戸は園芸都市として確固たる座を占めた。 江戸が園芸都市として成長できたのは、幕府が造成した名所のほかに、植木屋の存在をはずせない。武士たちは植木屋に植物を注文した後、自らの庭園で植物を育てたのであり、庭園を持っていない庶民たちは植木鉢を買って植物を鑑賞した。即ち、植木屋は植物をより近くで鑑賞して楽しむことを望む需要層の要求を充足する存在であったのである。 本稿では、近世初期と近世後期の植木屋の役割について考察した。近世初期には、植木の栽培、植木鉢の栽培など、様々な事を担当していたが、後期になるにつれ植木屋ごとにつつじ、菊、椿、桜、梅花などの特定した植物を栽培したり、庭園の造成や盆栽など、細分化․専門化したことを指摘した。そして18～19世紀の江戸最大の植木屋である染井伊兵衛に注目し、お店の外部と内部を詳細に比べてみた。染井伊兵衛はツツジと菊の品種改良を専門的に行った店であって、その内部を描いた浮世絵を通じて、このような植物のみならず朝鮮の人参まで栽培していたことが分かった。さらにこうした植木屋と市場を愛用しながら庭園に尽くした、近世後期の人気戯作者である曲亭馬琴について考察した。馬琴が残した日記を通して、彼の園芸に関する熱意、それから自宅の庭園にどのような植物が植えられているのかを確認することができた。

영어초록

It is no exaggeration to say that Edo is a botanical city. The daimyo's house in Edo, which was given to him by the shogun, had a large garden, and the samurai's authority was to plant plants and decorate them with splendor. In addition, this interest in gardening was not limited to the samurai class, but spread to the common people, and Edo took a firm position as a botanical city.
Edo was able to grow into a botanical city, except for the famous places created by the shogunate, and the existence of plant shops cannot be excluded.　The samurai ordered plants from the gardener and grew them in their own garden, and ordinary people who did not have the garden bought flower pots to appreciate the plants. In other words, the gardener satisfies the demand group's requirement to appreciate and enjoy plants closer.
In this article, we examined the role of the gardener in the early and late modern times. In the early modern era, he was in charge of cultivating plants and potting plants, but in the latter period, he pointed out that each gardener cultivated certain plants such as azaleas, chrysanthemums, camellia, cherry blossoms, and plum blossoms. Then, we looked at Somei Ibe, the largest gardener in Edo in the 18th and 19th centuries, and compared the outside and inside of the shop in detail. Somei Ibe specialized in improving the variety of azaleas and chrysanthemums, and through Ukiyoe depicting the interior of the shop, it was found that not only such plants but also ginseng were grown. Furthermore, we looked at Kyokutei Bakin, a popular writer of the late modern era who devoted himself to the garden while loving these plant shops and markets. Through Bakin’s diary, I could see his enthusiasm for gardening and what kind of plants were planted in his garden.

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